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Pancreatitis

 

            Symptoms of Pancreatitis include steady, sudden-onset abdominal pain radiating to the back and epigastric tenderness, fever, and tachycardia. Associated with nausea and vomiting. A history of gallstones or alcohol intake is often present. Initial treatment includes IV fluids and correction of electrolyte abnormalities, analgesia, and glucose control. The main goal is to prevent complications, which may include coagulopathy, respiratory distress, ascites, bowel obstructions, sepsis, and renal failure.
             Lipase and Amylase are the two hallmark lab tests for pancreatitis. Lipase is more sensitive for detecting nonalcoholic and alcoholic pancreatitis. The lipase is considered more diagnostic. Lipase is more sensitive and specific than amylase and is therefore preferred and considered more diagnostic. Its use can also be helpful in patients presenting with suggestive symptoms of pancreatitis and normal amylase. Levels start rising 4 to 8 hours after the onset of pain, peak at 24 hours, and last for 8 to 14 days. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis have higher levels of lipase than those with gallstone pancreatitis. Urinary trypsinogen -2 rapid dip stick was found in a study by Yeng-Ting Chen to be as effective as lipase in the initial diagnosing phase. Serous factors of trypsinogen has a sensitivity and specificity of >94% and is sometimes considered a better screening test than amylase. .
             Other diagnostics may include some but not all of the procedures below:.
             CBC- WBC infection, H/H for hemorrhage.
             CMP " electrolytes, dehydration, renal status, glucose.
             CRP " useful to determine severity and if necrosis.
             Stool samples measuring fat.
             Abdominal xrays to r/o obstruction or other bowel issues.
             CT- for gallstones and inflammation.
             MRCP allows better visualization than a CT of common bile duct stones and the pancreatic duct and no IV for contrast is needed.
             ERCP - identifies stones and allows their retrieval during the same intervention; can identify duct defects and strictures.


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