First, the routine activities theory suggests that lifestyles contribute significantly to both the volume and type of crime in the society. On the other hand, situational choice theory holds that the crime is not only a matter of motivation, but also a matter of opportunity. .
The biological theory focuses on the brain as the center of the personality and a major determinant in controlling human behavior. Physical traits that are inherited such as facial features, body types, skull shapes are considered to be the most significant causes of crime (p.81). Since the eighteenth century, biologists and anthropologists identified physical abnormalities that were used to distinguish criminal offenders from other people. Biological theories of crime causation argue that genetics and heredity can produce biologically-based differences in behavior and that there is a relationship between physical characteristics, bodily features, and criminality. Contemporary biosocial researchers, on the other hand, stress the interaction between the biological influences and the surrounding social and physical environments. They believe that individuals can be genetically more predisposed to certain types of behavior. In the same way, violent behavior can be linked to nutrition, eating habits, vitamin deficiencies, environmental contaminants, hormonal changes, and the endocrine system (p. 106). .
The psychological theories focus on the individual as the unit of analysis. Psychologists and psychiatrists believe that the individual is mentally ill and therefore cannot control his/her actions. Personality and behavior are the main ideas characterized in these theories. The personality theory describes a complex set of motives that result from abnormal, dysfunctional, or inappropriate mental processes within the personality. Moreover, the behavior theory (stimulus-response approach to human behavior) holds that a behavior is directly determined by the environmental consequences it produces for the individual exhibiting the behavior (p.