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Redefining Middle Age

 

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             The leading cause of visual impairment and legal blindness in older adults is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and about 6 percent of adults over age 40 are affected by AMD (Klein et al., 2011). AMD is caused by thinning of the layers of the retina (the photosensitive cells at the back of the eye that are responsible for vision and color perception) and/or by rupturing of tiny blood vessels. The first signs of this vision disorder are faded, distorted, or blurred central vision (Cong et al., 2008). Smoking doubles the risk of developing macular degeneration in later years (Evens, Fletcher, & Wormald). Recent research has found that the two carotenoids help prevent the tissue damage in the eye that leads to AMD. Thus, a diet rich in fresh fruits and green and yellow leafy vegetables helps preserve one's vision (D'Amato & Snyder, 2000).
             Hearing.
             The most common sensory disorder in the U.S. population, affecting at least 36 million, is hearing loss. Of those aged 40 to 49, about one-third already suffer from hearing loss (Curhan, Eavey, Shargorodsky, & Curhan, 2010). Noise levels, advancing age, certain diseases, and genetic inheritance are factors related to hearing loss and communication disorders. Recent findings from a large-scale study with white males also reveal that regular analgesic use (aspirin/acetaminophen) over a long duration is linked with high risk of hearing loss (Curhan, Eavey, Shargorodsky, & Curhan, 2010). Mild to severe hearing loss is clearly associated with a reduced quality of life in many ways. Changes in hearing used to begin at about age 30-but one of every five of today's adolescents has some hearing loss (Shargordsky, Curhan, Curhan, & Eavey, 2010).
             In presbycusis, the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, such as speech, declines, but the magnitude of the change varies appreciably among individuals. The baby boomers were the first generation to listen to amplified music over a period of years, and they are now experiencing premature hearing loss requiring hearing aids (Kim & Barrs, 2006).


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