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Fall of the Roman Empire AD 198-476

 

A senior Augustus and junior Caesar ruled each half of the empire. This policy was intended to improve the administration of the empire. Unfortunately, it further divided the empire, because of the greed and ineffective leadership of the governors for independent control of their provinces. This fueled the other problems that led to the second reason, which was the rebellion and civil wars.
             Due to the continuous expansion of the empire, new taxes had to be instilled on the population to maintain the army and administrative government. This made the upper class extremely wealthy, but oppressed the middle and poor classes. This caused minor rebellions and uprisings, a common event throughout the Empire. The Roman army was usually sent in to quell these rebellions, but they too were corrupt and divided up the people more. In 383 A.D., Magnus Maximus attacked Gaul, banished Valentinian II, and declared himself Augustus of the west. Maximus and his army captured the territories of Gaul, Hispania, and Britannia. Theodosius, the Eastern Roman Emperor, did not accept Maximus as Augustus in the west, so he attacked Maximus in a bloody civil war. Theodosius won the battle in 388 A.D. These constant rebellions and civil wars had an impact in destroying the empire.
             The third reason, which was a long period of financial crisis, sparked off the slow collapse of the economy in the West. This economic depression was due to the failure of the Romans' system of conquest and enslavement. The Romans did not see the point in conquests anymore because the Empire was already hard enough to govern. Due to the cessation of the expansion of the Empire, the supply of land, gold and cheap labor started to dry up. The economy decentralized, and Rome itself did not produce anything. The adverse trade balance meant that huge amounts of money were flowing out of the Empire, especially in Western Rome. Many of the Emperors tried to keep their lavish lifestyles even though the economy was collapsing.


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