Ethnography is a collection of qualitative methods used in the social sciences that focus on the close observation of social practices and interactions in how they work with contrast to one another. There are three types of ethnologists. An ethnographer is a person who lives, interviews, or observes a group of people to gather information about their life and customs. An ethnohistorian uses historical documents to gather information about a particular culture so they can determine changes over time. The last type of ethnologist, a cross-cultural researcher, uses data to explain why different cultures vary and to find general patterns in cultural traits. .
The second category within anthropology called biological anthropology does not have different jobs. Biological anthropologists focus on human variation and paleontology. Human variation explains why the modern population varies biologically. Human paleontology which is sometimes referred to paleoanthropology questions the emergence of humans and their evolution (Ember, Ember, Peregrine 520). The third category within anthropology is applied anthropology. Unlike, the other two categories in anthropology, applied anthropologists don't focus particularly on culture or biological components of humans. Instead, these anthropologists take a little of both and use it. Applied or practicing anthropologists can work within government, politics, medicine, and other career fields. A few types of specialists within applied anthropology are medical anthropology, cultural ecologists, and economic anthropologists. Although there are differences between these categories and the jobs within them, they are considered a part of the same group because they all focus on some kind aspect of human development. .
Question No. 2: Functionalism and Structuralism.
A theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, esp. one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained (Definition of Theory in English).