Locke promoted the idea that when every individual pursues happiness, cooperation is promoted causing individual and general welfare to coincide. .
These ideas also had a tremendous impact on political thinkers such as Montesquieu and Rousseau in France who were under the corrupt regimes of Louis XV and Louis XVI. Both of these men profoundly influenced political thought in France as well as providing the public with a theoretical justification for the French Revolution. Montesquieu, widely considered as the father of political science, was a French lawyer who's political ideas flourished during the Enlightenment. He looked at the various kinds of government and completed analysis of what made them effective in his book, The Spirit of the Laws. He is also responsible for the development of the idea that powers in government should be separate, something that in modern times has become ingrained into several important political documents, such as the American Constitution. .
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was another French political thinker of the Enlightenment era inspired by Locke. His books are considered to be cornerstones in the development of modern political thought. Perhaps his most famous work, The Social Contract, provides a blueprint for the basis of rightful political order within the existing structure of classical republicanism. It was Rousseau's belief that people could only truly live by laws they made themselves, any other law making processes put the people as victims of someone else's tyranny. Rousseau's ideal state would be a small-scale democracy in which everyone participates, truly making the government for the people, by the people. Together, Lock, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, provided a foundation for modern ideas on personal rights and liberties and how government can be structured to guarantee those rights and liberties to all citizens. .
The most important figure in Enlightenment economics was Adam Smith who is considered to be both a pioneer in political economy and the father of modern economics.
This philosophy is derived from the enlightenment, which spoke of "natural law." ... What may be called optimism seems more like ignorance. ... Candide is a humorous satire, criticizing the optimism adopted by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. ... During this era women were considered subservient property of their husbands. ... Ibsen does not examine nature, or optimism versus pessimism. ...
A wide array of films including Double Indemnity (1944), and Murder, My Sweet (1944), Out of the Past (1947), Kiss Me Deadly (1955), reflect the tensions and insecurities within film noir, and counter-balance the optimism of Hollywood's musicals and comedies. It was the style of black and white American films that first evolved in the 1940s that became prominent in the post-war era, and lasted in a classic "Golden Age" period until about 1960 which was marked by Orson Welles' Touch of Evil (1958), described as the "last" film of the classic film noir era. ... However, noir...
The Enlightenment utopia once dreamed of by the French and similar thinkers seems to have never succeeded. It failed in both its Enlightenment theory and in all manifestations in practice, even Sweden. ... He observed that all incarnations of Enlightenment utopia failed to live up to their promised perfection. ... Introduction Enlightenment thought served as the central basis for utopian politics. ... The Enlightenment ...
In the twentieth century, Liberal thinking influenced policy'making élites and public opinion in a number of Western states after the First World War, an era often referred to in academic International Relations as Idealism. ... Given this disposition, it is not surprising that Liberalism is described in the literature as the `tradition of optimism' (Clark 1989: 49-66). ... Liberal internationalism Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham were two of the leading liberal internationalists of the Enlightenment. ...
ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to study development and broadcasting in Zambia, to draw conclusions as to the present situation of broadcasting and the direction it should move in the future. The study of the development of broadcasting in Zambia and its current structure are outlined together wi...