Genes are the chemical message of heredity. Genes constitute a blueprint of our possibilities and limitations, the legacy of generations of our ancestors, our genes carry the key to our similarities and uniqueness. Genes are made up of the chemical bases Adenine, Thiamin, Guanine, and Cytosine. These bases in a certain order makes up codes, these codes determine if you are short, tall, fat, skinny, and etc.
Genetic engineering is isolating and removing a desired gene from a strand of DNA. In genetic engineering, many different apparatuses are used in removing the gene. One way DNA can be broken up is by ultra-high frequency sound waves, but this procedure is highly inaccurate way of isolating a desirable trait. A more accurate way of obtaining the desired trait is the use of restriction enzymes. These enzymes chemically cut the DNA at a particular location on the strand. Now that the trait is cut out, it can be joined to another strand of DNA by using ligases, another enzyme that acts like glue, binding the two pieces together. The final step is making the DNA self-replicating by placing it in a cell.
Today there are many controversies relating to gene therapy and the ethical implications of the Human Genome Project. These controversies are heavily debated upon and studied but ultimately have to be resolved by society. One such controversy is that of safety. It is currently unknown what effects the body will have upon the introduction of a new gene into it. Premature experimentation runs the risk of unleashing dangerous and irreversible mutations into the gene pool. It is believed that through extended and meticulous testing on laboratory animals that an acceptable and safe procedure may someday be possible. .
With the enhanced ability to detect genetic disease an increase in the number of abortions and political hassle is sure to follow. The Illinois state legislature has shown a step in the right direction with their recent presentation of a bill that would forbid sophisticated prenatal testing unless it can be shown to be beneficial to the fetus.