This supreme commander was later elected as General Douglas MacArthur for the Allied Powers on January 19, 1946. The supreme commander is the one responsible for issuing an order to appoint the 11 justices and approving of its charter and thus this shows his important role in the trial. So finally the great Tokyo trial was opened up on May 3, 1946 to bring about justice for the atrocities created by the Japanese military. There were a total of 11 justices who represented 11 different nations who formed the allies. They were the following: United States of America, Republic of China, The United Kingdom of Great Britain, The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, The Commonwealth of Australia (presiding judge), Canada, The Republic of France, The Kingdom of Netherlands, New Zealand, India, and The Commonwealth of the Philippines. In addition these 11 different nations formed the International prosecution section. Out of the 11 members in this section, 10 were associates and only one of them was the main prosecutor who was Joseph B. Keenan from the U.S. These allied powers were against 28 defendants. Most of these criminals were very powerful men. About 14 of them were ranked general in the Imperial Japanese Army. Furthermore, 7 of these men served as war ministers and 9 of them as war time commands.2 (Pg 2-4).
These criminals were charged with 55 counts (offenses) which fall under 3 main categories: Crimes against Peace, Crimes against Humanity and finally conventional war crimes. Crimes against Peace included the planning, preparation, waging of a declared or undeclared war of aggression or a war in violation of international laws, treaties, agreements, assurances, or participation in a common plan or some sort of conspiracy. In addition, crimes against humanity consisted of the following: murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, inhumane acts committed on civilians before or during war and etc.
From the Salem Witch Trials of the late seventeenth century, to the tribunal of O.J. ... Almost all trials are controversial, with different opinions and views. ... On March 16, 1951 the actual trial of the Rosenbergs began. ... During Rosenberg's trial, Walter Koski was called to the stand. ... Ethel testified this information during her trial. ...
The terrorist attack in Tokyo that injured 5,000 people is an example of this kind of terrorism. ... The Sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subway in 1995 by Aum Shinrikyo showed that the threat of chemical terrorism is now a reality.For many years, it had been thought that weapons of mass destruction did not serve the purpose of terrorists, and it was not mass murder they wanted. ... Throughout researching these groups, once case involving a Saudi Arabian National, Usama Bin Laden, exemplifies the difficulties with prosecuting terrorists in the International Court of Justice. ... The United States...
At the same time, secularism was challenged in schools with the scopes monkey trial. ... Many had bought into self-blame and the belief in personal responsibility out of American ideals on moral justice. ... The following year, the courts had repealed these convictions and a new series of trials began in which the NAACP had assisted in the trials' fairness. ... The American government successfully set a blockade around the nation and "allied land-based bombers had leveled whole sections of Tokyo without opposition" (Davidson, 319). ... Postwar policies were, although taking a hi...
The militants demanded that, the Shah who ruled Iran for decades and was now seeking medical treatment in the west be turned over to them for trial. ... The most serious terrorist attack in Asia in 1995 was the nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway system in March carried out by the religious cult Aum Shinrikyo. ... The International courts play an important role in bringing alleged terrorists to justice by executions and sanctions. ...
COMFORT WOMEN: Mass controversy has arisen over whether or not the Japanese military instituted sexual slavery for its troops during the World War II. Did sexual slavery exist, and should the female victims be compensated for the crimes committed against them? During World War II, approximately two hundred thousand women were forced into sexual slavery by Japan's armed forces. Euphemistically called "Comfort Women," these women were enslaved in "Comfort Stations set up throughout East Asia by the Japanese military from the invasion of Manchuria in the late 1910's until the e...