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Does the gap between rich and poor countries widened?

 

            Nowadays globalisation is on everyone's lips. By measuring the historical intensity of international economic links, the World Bank has identified that between the two World Wars and through the Great Depression the global poverty rose strongly and inequality widened. It seems due to colonialism and the exploitation of raw materials, which ensured the benefits to the colonising powers at the expense of colonised countries. Then, the liberalization and opening of trade across borders led to the globalisation. But, maybe the last phase of globalisation, which began after the election of Margaret Thatcher, and Ronald Reagan, gives the better definition of this phenomenon: the free market.
             The XXI century shows the considerable gap between the rich and the poor and it is commonly admitted that it is due to globalisation. But, since its apparition we can see a lot of improvements in the richest countries but also in the developing countries. How does globalisation influence the market and the way of living of the people? Unfortunately, globalisation has also its limits; many organisations try to reduce the inequalities without any real success. But, can we be totally pessimistic and saying that globalisation can't improve, or on the contrary being optimistic because as a "new- phenomenon it has a lot to learn and solutions could maybe be found to help the poor.
             The oil crisis in 1973, the "oil shock- was a turnabout for most of the countries and their economy. This crisis showed the world that Keynesianism was no longer efficient and that a new strategy was required. So, when Thatcher and Reagan (elected in 1979 and Reagan in 1980) suggested the free market it was seen as "the- solution of the economic problems. The idea was giving the private sector a major role respected to the public sector. Free market was linked to neo-liberalism, which advocates liberalisation and less power of the State, free trade, and reduce tariffs barriers.


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