The area was once part of Farmington, but the settlers in this area broke away in the early 1700's and became part of the Kensington Society (Berlin). In 1754 the pioneers decided to form their own parish. The organization of the First Church of Christ in 1758 established this area as the Ecclesiastical Society of New Britain. The name was chosen in honor of the country of Great Britain. New Britain became an official incorporation town in 1850.
The area began its steady growth into an industrial giant around 1850. Some of the original settlers of the town include names that would later become associated with industry such as North, Lee, Hart, Judd and Booth. This was also the year the Normal School was established, which was an institution that provided education and training for future teachers. Today this has evolved into Central Connecticut State University.
Stanley works has made its roots in New Britain since 1843, when Frederick T. Stanley opened his bolt manufacturing company. New Britain is still known today as "The Hardware City". As industry grew, the need for a labor force grew. Immigrants found a comfortable haven in New Britain, as well as a means to make a decent living, and the influx of immigrants is still happening today. Through the years, the face of manufacturing changed the city. Today, New Britain's economy is balanced by manufacturing, health care, education and service sectors.
New Britain became a consolidated City and Town in 1905 with a Mayor-Council-Commission form of government. The Mayor and Council serve concurrent two-year terms and operate under a Charter adopted in 1961, with several subsequent revisions. The Common Council, the legislative body elected biennially at large, consists of 15 Aldermen with a five member minority representation. The other elected officials are City and Town Clerk, Collector of Taxes, Treasurer, and three members of the Board of Tax Review.