Psyche and soma -the relations

This role requires the use of reason and other intellectual resources in dealing with the external world, as well as the exercise of control over id demands.
             Since the id - ego relationship in merely one of expediency, Freud postulated a third key subsystem- the superego. The superego is the outgrowth of the taboos and moral values of society. It is essentially what we refer to as the conscience; it is concerned with right and wrong. As the superego develops, it becomes an additional inner control system that copes with the uninhibited desires of the id.
             Freud believed that the interplay of id, ego and super ego is of crucial significance in determining behavior. Often, inner conflicts arise because the three subsystems are striving for different goals. These conflicts are called intrapsychic conflicts and, if unresolved, lead to mental disorder.
             Psychosexual stages of development are characterized by a dominant mode of achieving libidinal pleasure. Freud believed that appropriate gratification during each stage is important if an individual is not to be fixated at that level, which otherwise arrests the emotional development during childhood or adolescent level.
             In short, the psychoanalytic perspective holds that about the best we can hope for is a compromise among our warring inclination, from which we will realize as much instinctual gratification as possible with minimal punishment and guilt. It thus presents a pessimistic and deterministic view of human behavior that minimizes rationality and freedom of self-determination. Freud has greatly advanced our understanding of both normal and abnormal behavior.
             Other causal factors: There are certain psychosocial factors that influence development and hence may handicap a person psychologically, making him or her less resourceful in the struggle to cope. Our cognitive maps - our frames of reference concerning our place in the world are influenced by the roles we occupy.