He returned to politics eventually as the Chancellor of Germany. How could this have possibly happened? To answer that question one needs to know how "Munich Putsch" came to pass.
World War I ended in disaster for the Germans, The policies of the Weimar Republic, the government that replaced the Kaiser, led to inflation and compete economic chaos due to its inability to pay back reparations outlined in the Treaty of Versailles. The already- pauperized residents were forced to pay weighty taxes to make up reparations. In the aftermath of World War I, citizens of this once mighty nation were dying from starvation and disease because the nation wealth had been spent fighting the allies in a losing effort. All of these crises I mention above led to atmosphere rip for overthrowing a democratic government and replacing it right-wing dictatorship.
Adolf Hitler stepped in to provide a scapegoat for Germany's defeat in World War I and the conditions the citizens are suffering at the moment. Hitler joined a group called the German Workers Party, later changing it's name to the National Socialist German Workers Party or Nazi party for short. Blaming the Weimer government and the Jews for the problems of the day, Hitler began to attract a following within the working class, which led to his act of treason in the Munich "Beer Hall" Putsch.
What went right for Hitler and wrong for the Weimar government that led to this incident? In a sense, Adolf Hitler was in the right place at the right time with the right message. He could not have dreamt up a better situation to infect the masses with his rhetoric. He gave the citizens reasons why they were in the circumstances in which they found themselves. He also gave them a solution to their problems. By blaming the Jews, he restored nationalism to a defeated people; and by blaming the Weimar government and its economic/foreign policies, he made the masses hunger for change.