Furthermore, Charlemagne makes reforms in education in order to further improve the Church; he sets up a system which strengthens the priesthood by setting up bishop schools. These reforms indicate "a lack of division between religious and secular affairs" (Charlemagne p.131). Who really has authority, is it the pope or the king? King Charlemagne did make all of the reforms, but the pope also crowned him holy Roman Emperor. This will create problems in the near future between the Church and the State. The nature of the Catholic Church's authority again changed during the High Middle Ages in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Basically, the papacy became more confident by claiming greater powers and actually challenging the monarchs themselves for total authority (Sherman p.166). Pope Gregory VII is a great example of the increased confidence and authority during these times. The papacy under this pope asserted its powers under the proposition derived from Pope Gregory VII. It indicates many of the powers that the Church claims to hold. Some of them include: "The pope is the only person whose feet are kissed by all princes. He may depose emperors. He may be judged by no one " (Pope Gregory VII p.168). The pope is obviously claiming higher authority over the State, especially over the emperor. The Church also had the power to excommunicate members of the Catholic Church, which holds a sever punishment especially during the Middle Ages. Because an excommunicated person was forbidden from all social intercourse, this punishment would thus be terrible politically, socially, as well as economically (Noble p.204). In the thirteenth century, Pope Innocent III continued to claim powers for the Church and even had some of his claims hold up. He claimed that the royal power derived the brilliance of dignity from the pontifical authority, which includes the pope (Pope Innocent III p.197). Central governments in the European nations began to evolve and try to change the ways of the papacy, which, in turn, brought up problems for the Church (Noble p.