The move from a barter economy to the use of cash in the ancient cities of Mesopotamia was a gradual change. Bartering is to trade goods or services without the exchange of money and was how people did business. The transformation from bartering might have started when bartering was very active. This was when cities were growing and many people were in certain areas where there were many different goods for people to trade. With all this chaos an organized system or aid would seem very helpful, and in these early metropolises is were the worlds oldest accounting records were found. 8,162 tiny clay tokens were found in the village houses and were possibly used as counters or notes to keep track of transactions.
Even though clay tokens are far from minted coins it is still a step towards cash and a step away from bartering. Heather Pringle, the author of " The Cradle of Cash, has a strong argument that the use of cash came about before the first coins were minted. In early Mesopotamia silver became a good standard way to help state value. Since value of supplies stayed the same it was a good standard and way to tell the value of other things. These concepts and ways of trading are strong evidence for Pringles argument and the progression away from bartering. As time went by and there were more cities the old ways of barter began to disappear even more. There were more local standards of value in these places and silver was often that standard. Commerce started to became more and more frequent and the process of it became smoother. As this happened people became more selective of money and eventually coins came into play. The biggest difference about coins was that they had a visible guarantee of authenticity, which was a huge step for money and what it has become today. .
From the clay tokens found in ancient village houses to the Greek coins that were a big part of European Civilization, money has been an integrate part of the world.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The industries of steel, oil, and iron transformed America's industrial development at an extrordinary pace after the Civil War. Its remarkable growth led to the expansion of markets, advancements in technology, f...
Another case study which examines the affect of technology on traditional social organizations is the transformation of the horticultural society of Kenya. ... The Kenyans were forced into a cash economy. ... Although change did not come over night, the British colonizers were able to impose their own ideals upon these traditional social organizations and promote change through the introduction of modern farming equipment and a cash economy. ...
To her they are a memento of her personal past while Cash points out that they mean so much more. They are resources in reconstructing the cultural and political past of African American women, (Cash 30). They show history from their point of view and they are a part of the common cultural heritage of African Americans, (Cash 31). Quilting was something that kept Black women sane during their slavery (Cash 31), could provide and out from slavery by a way to pay for their freedom, (Cash 33), it was a way to support moral, political and reform issues, (Cash 32) and, finally, Cash also claims tha...
However, Bronte objects to this emphatically emphasized system of the time by interconnecting two loves beyond the ties of cash, but into the bond of love and lust. ... This transformation works to prove Brontes attempts to change the system, masking the falsities of the past with new views for the future, easily becoming extendible to even our generation. ...
The popularity of television shows like "Extreme Makeover," an ABC reality show that features the radical transformations of ordinary people through extensive plastic surgery, and the FX cable drama "Nip/Tuck," about the exploits of two Miami surgeons, has made such operations seem more acceptable. ... "People certainly don't associate Hopkins with elective cosmetic surgery, but this kind of thing is happening more and more" as academic medical centers cater to patients who can pay cash upfront, free of the constraints imposed by insurance. ...
Suffering was suffered the most by cash because he changed for the worst and now is a lazy person who doesn't do anything. ... It almost seems as a beastly transformation from a young hardworking man to an old humped back man who is lazy and doesn't do much around the house. ...
(Hann, 1990: p.58-60) As a result, a new group, dependent on the state supports and monopoly prices emerged especially in the sector of cash crops, such as cotton and sugar beet. As Erdost argues, only with the introduction of new technology and improvement of irrigation techniques the cultivation of new cash crops became possible. ... (Hazine/I: XVI) As it is very clear from this expression, Turkish agriculture, embarked on an irreversible transformation. Eventually, in the end of this transformation, the petty commodity producers will inevitably disappear. ...
Discounted zero bonds: The bond is issued to cash value, i.e. under principal value, at maturity the principal value is paid back. E.g.: zero bonds of a principal value of 10,000 and 10 years run time with an issuing price of 51, 9%, which means to need 5,190 cash, are paid back to 10,000 . ... An advantage is that the investors have to raise less cash when they decide to invest in discounted zero bonds since these bonds are issued under principal value. ... In addition they are equipped with a transformation right, i.e. the investors of convertible bonds have the right to change the bond...
