Ashley (2002) believes that recent technological advances such as fiber optics, satellite communication, and compressed video provide the environment for telemedicine to continue to grow rapidly. .
Current Status of Telemedicine.
Currently every state in this country has at least one telemedicine program. Bahshur and colleagues (2000) believe that telemedicine is "a product of the information age, just as the assembly line was a product of the industrial age." The way that we provide and receive health care is being changed by new information technologies and telecommunications (Stuckey, 1998). For example, CT scans, ultrasounds, and nuclear medicine images are already digitized. Radiologists can transmit images to any location that has a computer with a corresponding program and sufficient memory to put the image on the screen (Welsh, 1997). Still images and other digital information can be transmitted from one professional to another for the purposes of consultation or referral through "store and forward" telemedicine (Petersen & LaMarche, 2000). New modes of medical practice with new names have sprung up. These include teleradiology, teleneurosurgery, telepsychiatry, and teledermatology. Primary and secondary care providers can now generate electronic referrals, conduct e-mail consultations, and participate in video conferencing (Wallace, 2001). .
Procedures and treatments that have traditionally required direct physical contact by a practitioner can now be performed via telemedicine. For example, blood glucose can be monitored, and visual observation of insulin syringes prior to injection can be conducted from a remote location (Klonoff, 2003). The Kaiser Permanente organization demonstrated that patients with newly diagnosed chronic conditions could be equipped with home videophones, electronic stethoscopes, and digital blood pressure monitors, and assessments could be performed and data transmitted to evaluate cardiac and respiratory function (Wooten, 2001).