They set prices and standards of workmanship. Guilds also prevented outsiders from working at the particular craft.
- ARMY with its structure of senior offices, junior officers and ranks.
Bureaucracy.
A body of non-elective government officials and/or an administrative policy-making group.
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
Bureaucrats - a person who is one of the people who run a government or big company and who does everything according to the rules of that government or company.
Characteristics of Bureaucratic.
(8)Max Weber (1864 - 1920) famously noted five key characteristic of bureaucratic structures.
1. Clear levels - The organization is divided into clear-cut levels. Each level assigns responsibilities to the level beneath it, while each lower level is accountable to the level above for fulfilling those assignments.
2. Division of Labor - Each member of a bureaucracy has a specific task to fulfill, and all of the tasks are then coordinated to accomplish the purpose of the organization.
For example, in a college, for example, a professor does not run the heating system, the president does not teach, and a secretary does not evaluate textbooks. These tasks are distributed among people who have been trained to do them.
3. Written Rules - The strict structure of power requires plenty of control by rules and regulations. The top power figures in the bureaucracy make the rules and decisions which must be followed consistently throughout all levels of the structure.
4. Written Communication Records - Records are kept of much of what occurs in a bureaucracy. Consequently, workers in bureaucracies spend a fair amount of time sending memos back and forth. They also produce written reports detailing their activities.
For example, my university, for example, requires that each faculty member fill out quarterly reports summarizing the number of hours per week spent on specified activities as well as an annual report listing what was accomplished in teaching, research, and service "all accompanied by copies of publications, testimonies to service, and written teaching evaluations from each course.
