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Women, Pregnancy and Graves' Disease

            In this cross-sectional study, 78 infants born to mothers with autoimmune thyroid disease were investigated to evaluate the impact of maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum thyroid function. Infants born to healthy mothers at the same time were set as controls. Researchers also focused on identifying possible maternal, neonatal and environmental risk factors that cause early infertile thyroid dysfunction. The patients were 78 newborn infants delivered to mothers with autoimmune thyroid disease. Of those newborns 57 were born to mothers with Graves' Disease and 21 were born to mothers with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Seventy-seven of the mothers had Graves' Disease or Hashimoto's Disease before pregnancy, only one mother developed Graves' Disease during pregnancy. Researchers collected heel capillary blood from the infants when they were 3 days old, to detect there TSH levels. If the infants TSH levels were over 9 miu they were called back right away and the others were called back 28 to 35 days after birth. The result concluded that maternal autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy will affect an infant's thyroid function. Readers can conclude that proper management of the mother's thyroid disease is important in preventing an undesirable neonatal outcome. .
             This article presents a description of a case of a 35 year old women who is suffering from thyrotoxicosis while pregnant. Thyrotoxicosis is a descriptor for a pattern of biochemical abnormalities. Her doctor determines that the cause of her thyrotoxicosis is Graves' Disease. When thyrotoxicosis is due to Graves' Disease there are three treatment options; radioiodine therapy, thyroidectomy and anti – thyroid drugs. The reader can learn the specifics of what is required with each of these treatment options. The risk to the fetus in a women with Graves' Disease was also discussed. If thyroid levels are not properly controlled during pregnancy it could lead to complications such as miscarriage, low birth weight, prematurity, preeclampsia and congenital malformations.


Essays Related to Women, Pregnancy and Graves' Disease

1. Thyroid Disease

Thyroid disease effects millions of women, men, and their families. ... In another similar case, a disease called Graves" is a self attacking disease that the body turns against the thyroid. ... Graves" diseases is a good expample of a thyroid disease that is most likely genetically transmitted. "Graves" disease, some doctors prefer, to classify it as a disorder that runs strongly in families... Which in turn also can effect a fetus during pregnancy. ...

  • Word Count: 1147
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Abortion

At what stage in the pregnancy is the baby considered to be human? ... Continuing with the pregnancy would have severe effects on her physical or mental well being 2. ... A test shows that the foetus is carrying a serious inherited disease or serious birth defect 5. ... - The continuance of the pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the pregnant women greater than if the pregnancy were terminated (no time limit) - The termination is necessary to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or/and mental health of the pregnant women (no time limit) - The continuance of the pregnancy...

  • Word Count: 2114
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: High School

3. The Thyroid Gland

It is said that the thyroid gland develops in the very early weeks of the pregnancy; it forms from tissue at the base of the tongue that travels to the area below the voice box. By about the eleventh week of pregnancy the gland can produce hormones. ... The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is the autoimmune condition known as Graves' disease. Graves' disease is where the antibodies cause the gland to accelerate the production of hormones (Mueller, 2003; University of Maryland, 2013). ... In the United States, postpartum thyroiditis occurs in about 5 to 10 percent of women. ...

  • Word Count: 2722
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. The Abortion Battle of Roe vs Wade

Abortion is, by definition, the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. ... Most poor women had illegal abortions that had grave risks to the mother's health (Segers and Byrnes, 2). Many were botched, and resulted in disease, hemorrhages, and even death after receiving the abortion (Baumgardner, 22). ... At one point in the 1930s, women begin to tire of the conditions they were forced to face if they decided to abort their pregnancy (Segers and Byrnes, 3). ... Finkbine took a tranquilizer that caused birth defects in the early stages of her pregnancy (Segers and Byrnes, 3). ...

  • Word Count: 1548
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

5. Women in Egypt

Rights of Egyptian Women Throughout written history, women have experienced status subservient to the men they lived with. ... Grave murals and relief's depict wives standing next to their husbands. ... The population of Ancient Egypt was frequently in decline due to disease and periodic famines. ... The low life expectancy and mortality rate for pregnancies made childbearing the most attractive trait a woman could offer. ... Legal equality and land ownership gave women political power and financial independence while the devastation of disease and high mortality rates made motherhood ...

  • Word Count: 1540
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Reassessing the Past - Gender and Slavery

Thus, motherhood gravely circumscribed their lives. ... As White points out, a woman's gender endowed her with the exclusive opportunity to feign illness or pregnancy, thereby evading desired productive quotas typically expected of her. "In an age when women's diseases were still shrouded in mystery, getting the maximum amount of work from [slave] women of childbearing age while remaining confident that no damage was done to her reproductive organs was a guessing game that few white slave owners wanted to play or could afford to lose." Because there were limited objective m...

  • Word Count: 1150
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Graduate

7. Sex Is For Adults

In a landmark study of ten exemplary programs published by the Center For Disease Control (CDC) in 1984, no evidence was found that knowledge significantly influenced the responsibility of sexually active teens. ... If you project these failure rates a few years ahead of now, unintended pregnancies begin to look uncomfortably close to inevitability. This isn't saying that teen pregnancies is going to be the so called norm, this is saying that it won't be quite as a shocker to see a teen girl walking around pregnant. ... Compare abstinence to condoms and you"ll see a grave differenc...

  • Word Count: 2169
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Grade Level: High School

8. AIDS and HIV in Africa

HIV transmission from mother to child can occur during pregnancy, labor, delivery of the child and most commonly, through breastfeeding. ... Perinatal Transmission of HIV, or in other words, vertical transmission of HIV is especially a grave concern since the child can be infected with the virus without the mother ever knowing she had HIV. ... The number of women infected with HIV giving birth increased by 30% from 2000 to 2006. ... There are no definite side effects in the baby if the mother is exposed to a HIV medication called AZT during pregnancy. ... AIDS is a both biologically and social...

  • Word Count: 1961
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography

9. Sexuality in Alias Grace by Margaret Atwood

Strict attitudes toward the standards of men and women are displayed throughout. ... Sex or masturbation were believed to cause a series of ailments and diseases, and even had to be exercised with caution once in wedlock. ... Even after her death, the picket fence around Nancy's grave was painted in black, while Mr. ... Three women in this novel succumb to pregnancy, only one being in wedlock. ... Mary Whitney and Nancy Montgomery both had secret pregnancies. ...

  • Word Count: 1494
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

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