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A Token Economy - Positive Reinforcement

            When dealing with children or people who have trouble controlling their behavior it can sometimes be very difficult to sway their performance. With the Token Economy system it allows the individual to work towards a goal by positive reinforcement. The participant is given a token which is later traded in for something they are working towards. A person with a mental handicap might have an outburst and you would like them to work towards calming themselves down, instead you may want to set a goal to do something productive that day. If the outbursts continues a token is taken away, and when a goal is complete a token is added. Behaviors we would like to change for a client may include changing a negative attitude, not complying with tasks asked of them, and failure to listen when being talked to.
             Behavior is a fundamental way a person may act or the way they present themselves to others. Behavior is also the way a person responds to life situations and stimuli. Some people have a harder time controlling their behavior and need some kind of positive reinforcement. The Token economy system works well with people who have a harder time focusing on behaving in a more desirable manner. When put into a negative situation, a person can become more disobedient in behavior and act out. Positive reinforcement for good behaviors seems to be a better way to get these people to act in a more desirable way. Ultimately behavior can be molded if a person is whiling to complete a task to receive a token for a desired reward. .
             The best method for a Token Economy system is to make a chart and have the person participation in this program choose a few goals to set for the day. Then, set boundaries and if the person breaks one of the boundaries he/she will have to give up one of their tokens. I think a chart with something appealing to the individual is the most productive. Let the person play a big part in creating the cart and setting up their goal slots.


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... be using four references to discuss how the use of this strategy has changed the outcome of behaviors in this particular setting. What is Token Economy? Token Economy is a system for providing positive reinforcement to a child or children by giving them token for completing tasks or behaving in a desired way. It was developed during the 1960's by a man called Nathan Azrin, which was implemented ... to treat schizophrenics. Dr. Azrin and Dr. Ayllon laid out their evidence in 1968 in The Token Economy. As stated in the article, in Dr. Azrin's token economy, " ... people barter for reward...

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6. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

... training for parents and teachers (in which the parent and/or teacher is taught child management skills), a systematic program of contingency management (e.g. positive reinforcement, time outs, response cost, and token economy), clinical behavioral therapy (training in problem- solving and social skills), and cognitive-behavioral treatment (e.g., self-monitoring, verbal self- instruction, development of ... problem-solving strategies, self-reinforcement) (AAP, 2001; Barkley, 1998b; Pelham, Wheeler, & Chronis, 1998). Pharmacological treatment includes the use of psychostimulants, antidep...

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