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The Juvenile Justice System

            This paper examines juvenile and criminal justice policies and practices with respect to young offenders who cross over from the juvenile to the criminal justice system. It focuses on the age period between mid-adolescence and early adulthood (roughly ages 15 to 29), with a particular focus on older juvenile delinquents ages 15-17 who are candidates for transitioning into the criminal justice system, and young adult offenders ages 18-24. .
             The juvenile and criminal justice systems in the United States have experienced a tumultuous period over the past half century. Beginning in the 1960s, the national crime rate sharply increased, prompting some criminologists to join with political forces to reject the rehabilitative ideal in favor of a "justice model " that limited correctional officials' discretion with offenders and instituted determinate sentencing. A pessimistic 1974 review of program evaluations in juvenile and criminal justice systems buttressed the pendulum swing from treatment to punishment. Some analysts warned of a coming generation of juvenile "superpredators." Although this dire prediction never materialized, the more punitive philosophy of the criminal justice system filtered down to the juvenile justice system and ushered in significant changes in policies and procedures for handling juvenile offenders. Large numbers of juvenile offenders were removed from the juvenile justice system and placed in the criminal justice system. Blended sentence provisions were enacted into law along with offense-based criteria and mandatory minimum sentences. Punitive measures were used more widely. New laws designated more juveniles as serious offenders, brought more minor offenders into the system, and extended periods of confinement in juvenile correctional facilities. .
             The period of overreaction to juvenile crime appears to be ending. Both the juvenile and criminal justice systems are returning to an emphasis on rehabilitation and evidence-based practices.


Essays Related to The Juvenile Justice System

1. Ethical Analysis of Juvenile Waivers

The same can be said for the juvenile waiver process in the juvenile court system. ... When the Juvenile Justice System was created in the nineteenth century the idea was to create a place where children were still punished for criminality, yet would not be subject to the harshness of being in the adult criminal courts. ... In most states the oldest a juvenile can be to stay within the juvenile system is seventeen years of age. ... All things considered, are such sanctions necessary given the ˜best interest of the child' parens patriae philosophy of the juvenile justice system?...

  • Word Count: 3373
  • Approx Pages: 13
  • Has Bibliography
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2. Criminal Justice and Juvenile Rehabilitation

Many situations come where the juvenile justice system should consider community based treatment like rehabilitation for the juveniles but instead the justice system would just incarcerate the juvenile. Rehabilitation should be the focus of the juvenile justice system and not just throwing kids in jails. The juvenile justice system needs to focus more on rehabilitation because it will lessen the time juveniles spend incarcerated. ... The primary function of the juvenile justice system should be the rehabilitation of the juvenile. ... It is important to understand that rehabilitation should be ...

  • Word Count: 907
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3. Juvenile Justice

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4. Juvenile Violence

Reformers pushed to get a separate juvenile court system and succeeded. In 1899 Illinois established the first juvenile justice system and many others followed soon after. ... Over the centuries the juvenile justice processes has changed tremendously from differing from the adult court system to becoming very similar to it. ... Ever since the beginning of the Juvenile Justice System juveniles have been treated with far less punishment regardless of the crime. ... Christopher, The American System of Criminal Justice, ninth edition, Wadsworth Thomas Learning. ...

  • Word Count: 826
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

5. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND THE SYSTEM

Juvenile Delinquency & the System Probation and Parole In The United States Table of Contents I. ... History of the Juvenile Justice System ." ..4-5 III. The Juvenile Justice Process ."..6-7 IV. ... One, it can be referred to as the standard way meaning a justice system pertaining to juveniles and the other, a tad sarcastic, the so-called justice, applies to juveniles that might be seen as childish but juveniles in the sense that it is insufficient and silly. ... Adults have that right.  Juveniles can be searched in school without a warrant or with...

  • Word Count: 2997
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6. Juvenile Delinquency

As the chief Federal agency dealing with the administration of justice for both adults and children, Department of Justice (DOJ), through its enforcement programs, U.S. Attorneys, and the office of Justice Programs and its five program bureaus, has developed an extraordinary network of programs and services to help States and local communities throughout the Nation prevent delinquency and deal with juvenile offenders in the most constructive ways possible. Through both research and practical experience in the field, DOJ programs help to identify effective strategies and approaches for working ...

  • Word Count: 2822
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7. California and the Juvenile Crime Initiative

According to U.S Department of Justice (1994-1996), several states have, or will be, revamping their juvenile justice system to better address juvenile crime issues. ... Department of Justice, 1994-1996). ... Department of Justice, 1994-1996). ... Department of Justice, 1994-1996). It is apparent that many states are fed up with the rising trend in juvenile and gang related violence, and as a result, have established various programs and enacted laws that move away from the rehabilitative era that was developed in the 1960's and 1970's and more towards a punitive system. ...

  • Word Count: 2063
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Tending to the Needs of Juvenile Offenders

Reform and change for the juvenile detention system is necessary and mandatory. ... The first facility was the House of Refuge in New York, established in 1824 (History of Juvenile Justice System 2013). ... In 1974, Congress passed the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. ... Impose punishment consistent with the seriousness of the crime" (Juvenile Justice Bulletin Juvenile Justice: A Century of Change 1999). ... " JDAI is part of the foundation's national vision that all young persons who come into the juvenile justice system be given the support necessary to gi...

  • Word Count: 1459
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