National security originated from the practices of international politics after the First World War. The term national security conveys a more general meaning which include the safety of individuals of a nation from violence/crimes, financial measures to sustain a certain level/standard of living and also religious peace of mind (Baldwin 1997).
The traditional concept of security therefore points to the security of the state at least to the extent that a state is referred to as 'national'.
The Concept of Human Security and its challenges to International Security.
The concept of human security was often mentioned before 1994 as the end of the Cold War encouraged the re-examination of the traditional concept of security. However, it was the Human Development Report 1994 by UNDP that actually made human security popular among scholars and practitioners of international affairs (Programme 1994).
According to this report, human development is the process of increasing the range of people's choices and human security means that people can exercise their choices freely and safely and that they are assured of the availability of these opportunities tomorrow.
Human security is considered in seven major categories which are; Food, Economic, environmental, health, community personal and political security. Economic security ensures that jobs secure an assured basic income. Food security ensures that everybody has both physical and economic access to basic foods at all times. Health security provides a healthy environment including health services in order to meet the challenges of infectious diseases, poor nutrition and such like matters. Environmental security deals with the lack of access to clean water, salinization, deforestation, natural disaster, air pollution etc. Personal security deals with the protection of human lives from various kinds of violence by states and other groups e.
