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Special Educational Needs in England and Wales

            In England and Wales, a strong commitment towards inclusion and differentiation of pupils in school settings plays a crucial role. Hence, within the National Curriculum pupils who are endangered of being excluded because of difficulties are made sure to be taken into account by law. An inclusive approach tries to meet the needs of all pupils and aims to develop the skills of all pupils to their fullest according to their abilities. Pupils with special educational needs and disabilities are at the centre of this approach. This essay aims to describe some main aspects of the Code of Practice and its consequences for teaching as well as some considerations for my own teaching on the basis of a case study (attached to the essay). .
             The term SEN (special educational needs) mainly proposes that pupils with SEN need something "additional to or different from that offered to other pupils" (Peacey 2009 : 233). It refers to pupils with learning difficulties in its broadest sense and provides four main categories to group pupils according to their needs:.
             - communication and interaction.
             - cognition and learning.
             - behavior, emotional and social development.
             - sensory and/of physical. (see Peacey 2009 : 234).
             In 2001 the Code of Practice launched through government legislation and developed by the DfEE became valid. The Code of Practice suggests some basic principles starting with the importance of an early identification of SEN. It should take the home situation into account especially if there is another language spoken at home. There should be a continuum of SEN starting with school based action (School Action = support comes from school), followed by additional help from outside that takes place inside the school = School Action Plus), and Statement (granting money for the development of the individual pupil for his/her whole time in the educational system. Individual Education Plans (IEP) should be developed for pupils with statements that include clear target for progress.


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