e. raw materials and new markets began to escalate. Africa had offered an untapped market, allowing for European investors to be more attracted to the continent. Whereas, India had social issues such as famine and Latin America did not have the land capacity for the colonial powers to invest. As one scholar suggested: "a crusading zeal, the desire for Guinea gold, the quest for Prester John, and the search of spices." 1 .
On the topic of competition, colonial powers start to become strategic and especially the British begin to feel threatened by other rival colonial states, a form of protectionism starts to emerge whereby states want to shield their own domestic commodities and businesses from external influences. In the second place, the idea of humanitarianism starts to prevail especially within religious colonial states. Within Europe, the industrial revolution had created social distress and unease on the population. Due to this, the rise of a Christianity movement occurs and had thus begun the "mission" to save souls i.e. those uneducated and uncivilized. The main aim within Western Christianity was to spread the word and convert others in the hope that converts would continue this practice. Now it is important to note, that European superiority and racism emerged from Western Christianity due to the fact that most of the African states had followed their own traditional beliefs which created the strong need for Europeans to convert Africans to Christianity in order to civilize the "souls." The impact of missionaries and schooling will be discussed in the upcoming paragraphs. Thirdly, the industrial revolution which had left a surplus population allowed for colonial states to send out people to the settlements in Africa. This was also another way of dealing with wrongdoers in society, instead of implementing severe punishment- one could be sent out to the "dark continent.
