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Validity and Reliability of Assessments

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             We should remember that assessment for learning is an essential and integrated part of the teaching and learning process that reflects a belief that all students can improve. It helps students understand and recognize the standards they are aiming for. It gives the teacher feedback that helps him/her to understand the next step in learning and to plan how to achieve them for the benefit of the students. .
             It is important to assess what has been taught and link it directly to the curriculum outcomes. The higher the motivation, the more time and energy a student is willing to devote to any given task. A quality assessment works best when its purpose is clear, when it is carefully designed to fit that purpose and clearly stated to the intended level of students. Assessment for learning is designed to give teachers information to modify and differentiate teaching and learning activities. Assessment as learning is a process of developing and supporting metacognition for students. Assessment of learning is summative in nature and is used to confirm what students know and can do, to demonstrate whether they have achieved the curriculum's outcomes. Each of these purposes requires for the teacher to plan differently. The most important part of assessment is the analysis and use of the information that is collected for its purpose. It helps students understand standards they are aiming for and provides feedback that helps them understand the next steps in learning. .
             According to the article Curriculum Support for Primary teachers Vol. 12 No. 2 (2007 p.1), when we set assessment tasks, we should ensure they have clear and explicit criteria for making judgments and that they promote reliability and validity and consistent judgments by teachers. An assessment may lack reliability whenever assessments are inconsistent to measure student's achievements, secondly when a variety of assessment tasks are not used to gather information on student's competence and when teachers ignore to work in a learning team in order to bring collective insights that will enhance children's achievements stated Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth (2006 p.


Essays Related to Validity and Reliability of Assessments

1. Intelligence and IQ Testing

... color have little to do with each other. Moreover, these are reasons researchers study different types of validity and reliability. The testing methods should include both reliability and validity as well as remain consistent and specific. According to the authors of the article "the ultimate responsibility for appropriate test use and interpretation" predominately lie with the test user. (American Educational Research Association et al., 1999, p.111) There are ... previously discussed by psychometricians. Meaning the test should include the measurement of attitudes, personality traits,...

  • Word Count: 1296
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Symptom management of Nicotine Craving

... was unsuccessful as he found it too difficult to slow his thoughts and maintain concentration. Health and Physical Assessments and Diagnostic Tests: As mentioned earlier, cravings are experienced by people who are nicotine dependent. Gust, Hughes and Pechacek (1996) reveal that 90% of individuals who smoke cigarettes are nicotine dependent. Measurement of the severity of nicotine dependence can be accomplished by administering the Revised Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire for ... & Schmidt, 1993). For example, an accurate measurement may help the patients get a better understanding of ...

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  • Approx Pages: 17
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3. John Batman and the Aboringines

... ) would not have restricted the Kulin's understanding of the treaty. To begin with, an agreement between the Kulin and Batman 'didn't have to rest on the validity of the marks on paper'.13 In any legalistic sense of course, Batman faking the signatures can only be understood as forgery and illegal. This focus on the reliability of the validity of the signatures has led to a belief among ... ' Eden'.15 In other words, it is assumed that the Kulin had no figures of authority because they lacked the level of social structure complicated enough for government, or because they were no le...

  • Word Count: 1990
  • Approx Pages: 8
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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Trauma and Substance Abuse in Refugees

... few that were made specifically for refugees are lacking descriptions of how they were developed, their reliability and their validity (Hussein & Bhushan, 2009). Primary care institutions, including clinics, schools, and community organizations, because of their closeness to the family living environment, are often in a privileged position to detect problems in traumatized refugee children and adolescents and to provide help (Rousseau et al, 2012). Substance ... can act as an advocate on behalf of their refugee clients. Counselors may need to widen their gaze, and not simply focus on the ...

  • Word Count: 2537
  • Approx Pages: 10
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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Multi-Layered Defense Systems and Data Protection

... defined by the industry, as the level of reliability of the system to operate safely and efficiently (p. 212). He noted that security problems arise because of an increasing dependency on automation, industrial control systems, insecure connectivity to external networks, as well as the usage of technologies with known vulnerabilities among a host of other issues. Some control system technologies have ... a rigorous risk assessment that covers all aspects of the organization. Risk assessments are a key cornerstone in defining, understanding, and planning remediation efforts against specif...

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6. The Dream Yet to Be Realized

... against students from ethnic minority or impoverished backgrounds because these tests are based in large measure on the experiences of middle class European Americans (Hilliard 301). Other test criticisms center on the issues of reliability and validity. Although many standardized test producers report high reliability coefficients, they rarely report test reliability over time. M. Neil and N.J. Medina noted that consumers should be cautious even when intelligence tests have high ... more attuned to contemporary realities. Assessments of the schools and school reform proposals that focu...

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7. Diagnostic Tools for Psychologists

... one hand, DSM diagnoses improves communication by which members of a professional team share a common language for conditions as well as facilitate formulation of meaningful treatment plans by identifying specific symptoms to address (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2011). Moreover, psychologists have duty of care and ethical obligations to conduct risk assessments for harm to self or others (APS, 2007) ... whereby diagnoses may alert for possible dangers (Corey, et al., 2011). Finally, DSM diagnoses have positive effects on a client's sense of self, facilitating self-understanding and insight ...

  • Word Count: 2149
  • Approx Pages: 9
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8. Criminology

... Misdemeanor defendants who are determined to be seriously mentally ill are offered treatment in lieu of jail. The Mental Health Early Intervention, Treatment, and Prevention Act of 2000 was introduced to help fulfill the unkept promise of the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 by providing grants to communities fo! r mental health treatment centers. It also provides ... were not caused by a mental abnormality. It includes questions about the defendant's psychological history, about the offense, and an evaluation of the present mental state. This test has neither formal scoring procedure...

  • Word Count: 2419
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9. Police Policy - Dade County, Florida

... would be a great approach to thwart gang activity by using the hot spot method of policing. The efforts of hot spot policing rely on strong empirical assessments. Secondly, police used intelligence gathering and strategic planning for the intervention. Gang structures and processes, successful gang intervention/suppression strategies, and the collection and analysis of information and intelligence are among the important areas to consider in this anti-gang strategy. Because ... examining the theoretical perspectives on fear of crime and apply direct measures of the attitudes of both ind...

  • Word Count: 1494
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