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Soil Moisture Levels and the Porcellio Scaber

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             Population Density.
             Slater's are typically found in large population clusters rather than individually in dispersed locations from one another. This is due to their Orthokinesis response. Although this Kinesis is non directional, the intensity of the stimulus – in this case damp conditions/moisture, will influence the speed of movement. The stronger the stimulus and therefore the damper the moisture and greater humidity, the resulting increase in percentage of time the Slaters remain stationary and effectively reduce their speed of movement[7]. They possess this Orthokinesis response in order to reduce their likely hood of desiccating in conditions that do not possess enough moisture to keep their permeable exoskeleton damp. This has resulted in the clustered patterns and large densities often found in Slater populations, as the slow/reduced movement of Slaters in damp areas combined with the increased speed of their movement in dry conditions, causes them to accumulate in favorable humid conditions.
             Slaters also show a positive Thigmokinesis which means they are less active when more of their body surface is in contact with other objects (including other Slaters). They will move around so that the maximum amount of their body is in contact with other objects. This behaviour results in woodlice forming groups/clumps and large population densities and also leads to Slaters having a tendency to congregate in cracks and crevices (As seen in the cracks of old wooden fence posts at the farm in wakari where the Slaters were found). In these cases they will have better protection from desiccation and predation[3].
             1.2.3 Adaptive Features.
             Movement: Slaters have a behavioural adaptation of Orthokinesis, in responce to a moisture stimulus. This response bears no relation to the direction of the stimulus, and instead the rate of activity is governed by the intensity of the stimulus rather than its direction.


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