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Social Security and the Diversification of the Traditional Family

1 percent of employed men and 72 percent of employed women also had an employed spouse in 1991. Only 2.6 percent of these men and 2.8 percent of these women had an unemployed spouse. In an earlier decade such as the 1930s, in which traditional-style families were ubiquitous, these percentages would be much higher and would reinforce the husband as the breadwinner. In addition, 5.2 percent of men were single parents along with 18.3 percent of women. This statistic for men can be assumed to have been close to zero in the early 1900s, as the classic family consisted of two parents. These diverse types of households show increasing trends and will continue to emerge. Now more than ever, the ominous need to shift the focus from Social Security protection of traditional households to diversified families is prevalent. .
             When considering Social Security as gender-neutral, one must be cautious of relying on Social Security to affect all individuals equally. Although the system may not specifically hinder one gender, the declining gender differences in the labor force and income distribution must be considered when looking at the neutrality of Social Security. Given these changing demographics, Social Security's protection for woman has shifted since inception. Therefore, without special enactments Social Security has different effects on men and women. After World War II, the U.S. saw the first large increase of women re-entering the workforce. The average amount of time women spent in the workforce was steadily increasing, and by 1984 female workers between the ages of 21-64 had an average of only 5.3 less years of experience than that of male workers (Blau and Ferber 1992). In addition the labor force turnover rate of women had been declining such that the rate decreased by 22.2 percent in the years from 1957 to 1989 (Ferber 1993). Furthermore, to extend this reality of the large demographic change of women, differences in job tenure between men and women have also shown a steep decrease.


Essays Related to Social Security and the Diversification of the Traditional Family

1. Family

I am going to discuss in this essa ... *********** Being brought up in a traditional environment, I have very conservative views on the concept of a family. ... Providing for the family: a home, food, and a sense of security; the Father is an important factor in the up bringing of a family. ... Today however people are more diversified and separated in their ways but they all share similar values of the family. A nation, being of mostly socially compatible people, functions in a similar way as a family. ... This is why people from all religious, political, and social persuasi...

  • Word Count: 1028
  • Approx Pages: 4
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2. Saudi Arabian Royal Succesion

The United States military presence in the state had angered traditional Islamic forces. ... Lag in oil prices fuel desires for the diversification of the economy. ... Social insurance expenditures amounted to $12.5 Billion at the end of 1999. He emphasized that the Kingdom was working to promote social integration, security, justice, and enhancement of human rights and tolerance. ... Abdullah has also created the Family Council to manage the affairs of the royal family and appease public opinion by divorcing the family's finances with that of the government. ...

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3. Computers in society

Similarly email led to more social support. ... In a revised study they suggested that increased use of internet was responsible for increased social contact with both social and distant friends, and with family members. ... In short, it appears that for new users, contact with close ties, as well as social and mental well being may suffer slightly, when they learn to use the internet; eventually they become experienced at using the internet to maintain contact with friends and family. Thus for those who wish to maintain long distance contacts with friends and family, computer mediated communi...

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4. The Resurgence Of Mid-Latitude Attitudes

Since then there have been many improvements in economic diversification and industrialization. ... Also, global economy impedes state governments from pursuing more advanced economic diversification. ... Most importantly these countries need to practice government that is publicly viewable and focuses primarily on the interests of the people, reform from the bottom, and the development of social, political, and economic diversification, and to move beyond the export based dependence and lay the foundation for competition in the world market. ... Workers, even affluent middle cla...

  • Word Count: 3530
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5. Aids in Thailand

Thailand is also considered a "diversified exporter- in a variety of industries, such as tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing (jewelry), electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, and plastics. ... Regarding Thailand's social development, the World Bank reported the estimated population for July 2000 as 61,230,874 with an annual growth rate of .93 percent. ... Social security and welfare equaled a miserable 0.6 percent of GDP. ... Traditionally, the male (son) in the househo...

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6. Guatemala

The Social standing in Guatemala has not been improving much since the end of the war. ... The peace agreements called for the guerrillas to lay down their arms, while the size of the army was to be reduced; a number of social programs were to be established, as well as a commission to investigate human rights violations. ... Specifically, the amendments were to make Maya languages, religions, and traditional laws equal in status to their ladino counterparts. Control of the army was to go to civilians and internal security was to be removed from the army's jurisdiction. ...

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7. Background and Concepts of Global Migration

Individuals, families, tribes, and nations have been on the move for centuries where, political and economic factors, including wars; environmental challenges; and racism, xenophobia, and religious discrimination have at times uprooted people and at others lured them to new venues across continents. ... Many are seeking employment or educational opportunities, others want to reunite with family members and more are fleeing persecution, conflict or violence in their countries. ... Since refugees have fled their home country and no longer enjoy the legal protections afforded to citizens of ...

  • Word Count: 5047
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8. Flexitime

Following the BIA experiment, flexible schedules spread to the Social Security Administration Headquarters (SSA) in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1974, and then to several organizational elements in various Federal agencies. ... As traditional work schedules can cause problems for employees with families because (a) excessive work hours prevent workers from spending enough time with their families, (b) the work day either starts too early or ends too late and thus does not allow for quality time with their families, and (c) work schedules often do not mesh with child care arrangements. ... It...

  • Word Count: 2276
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9. Culture

With the increasing maturity of anthropological science, reflections upon the nature of their subject matter and concepts led to a multiplication and diversification of definitions of culture. ... The direction of biological evolution toward greater expansion and security of life can be seen from another point of view. ... Culture may be seen as the most recent, the most highly developed means of promoting the security and continuity of life, in a series that began with the simple reflex. ... Studies of monkeys and apes have enlarged scientific knowledge of their social life and the scientific...

  • Word Count: 4734
  • Approx Pages: 19
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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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