" Romanticism still played a role in keeping alive a national spirit, but the crux of the question was to achieve by diplomacy not the republican slogan of the masses. Cavour was to make known to the world the Italian question and to exploit the enthusiasm of Napoleon III in order to exclude Austrian power from Italy. While it left to the monarchy to take care of the liberty of the people at time the essential condition was the break up of the Holy Alliance with the fall of Metternich. Whole the goal was a constitutional monarchy under the House of Savoy. It was to be achieved not in Italy but in Europe. While the Italy to be united should not include South Italy which marked by backwardness and this was only a source of economic and social problem (the final unification was only forced on Cavour by the military action of Garibaldi), so the Italy to be achieved was a small Italy, based on its division not unification and the problem of Rome was to be solved, in a peculiar way which formed a perpetual obstacle to real Italian unification. When France occupied Rome in 1848 and this was also to be excluded in 1870.
As a conclusion, with the help of nationalists such as Mazzini and Cavour, the nationalistic feeling and factors for Italian unification had been risen. Thus, Italy could at last be unified in the hand of the Italians.
2. Discuss the part played by nationalism in the Italian Unification movement.
The Napoleon Conquest and reorganization of 'Italy' had revealed to Italians the advantages of enlightened laws and administration and secondly awaken them to a desire to free themselves from foreign rule. The restoration of 1815 lost for the Italians in large measure the advantages of French rule and substituted the French domination by the Austrian domination. Hence, revolutionary sentiment grew, aiming at first to overthrow the existing government and gradually embracing the idea of unity for all of 'Italy".
