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Reasoning and Logical Fallacies


            "A fallacy is defined as a kind of error in reasoning," (Axelrod and Cooper 621). They can be persuasive and be created both unintentionally and intentionally to deceive others from the truth, and they often indicate a false belief or cause of a false belief. An argument or situation commits a fallacy when the reasons that are offered do not support the conclusion. This defeats the purpose of said argument or situation since its point is to give reason to support the conclusion. Fallacies affect the outcome of our everyday decision-making processes, and people can see examples of each fallacy such as hasty generalizations, overreliance on authority, and begging the question.
             "Hasty generalizations are conclusions based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, the consumer is rushing to a conclusion before they have any relevant facts," (Weber and Brizee). For example, in the ad, Garnier Fructis tells us that their shampoo can make the consumer's hair extremely smooth, soft and nourished and even suggests that it can, "Undo up to 1 year's damage in 1 week" (39). This is a hasty generalization because it shows no valid, factual evidence of it making the buyer hair smooth and delicate or that it can fix your hair's damage in a week as portrayed in the ad. To conclude, instead of doing any research and looking up any relevant facts, thus it allowed people to rush to a hasty conclusion of it actually helping the consumer's hair as the ad stated. .
             Similarly, fallacies such as begging the question is that the conclusion is already assumed and not proven. It is simply a form of circular thinking.


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