Slowing down of the Arms Race would symbolise calming down of hostilities between the USSR and the USA, as they would no longer attempt to threaten each other.
Perhaps, the policy of Detente, which followed the Cuban Missile Crisis with the interval of a few years, was a result of the Crisis. The heads of government in both countries changed, and they had new view of the Crisis and its impact. Brezhnev of the USSR and Nixon of the USA decided to "warm up" the Cold War through visiting each other and trying not to get themselves involved in the conflicts around the World. An example of this would be the USA's and the USSR's reluctance to participate in the Arab attack on Israel in 1973. It is very remarkable, as they had eagerly participated in Arab-Israeli conflicts. Also, Nixon passed "Nixon's Doctrine" whereby the USA pledged not to get directly involved in any conflict outside her own borders. This was Nixon's way of "de-globalising" the Cold War that had become globalised by that time. To prove that, Nixon began gradual withdrawal from Vietnam War - so as not to provoke the USSR.
What the Crisis changed in the course of the Cold War, was a psychological change. The USA was quite devastated after the USSR launched Sputnik - the first space satellite - in 1957. Victory in the Cuban Missile Crisis has shown the USA and the whole world, that the USSR could be forced to back down. And that was one of those small, but significant victories that the USA won over the USSR on her own, that later led to the USA winning the Cold War. In other words, victory in the Cuban Missile Crisis and public humiliation of the USSR gave the USA a psychological advantage in fighting the Cold War against the USSR.
On the other hand, the effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis were only temporary. In spite of all the SALTs signed, the Arms Race went on and on creating mistrust and suspicion between the USA and the USSR.