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SILICON


             A man named Jon Berzelius discovered silicon in 1823. Silicon was isolated in Stockholm, Sweden. The name silicon is derived from the Latin "silicus- meaning flint. The symbol for silicon is Si. Its atomic number is 14. It is also a part of group 14. Its atomic mass is 28.0855 amu. It has a melting point of 1410°C and it has a melting point of 2355°C. Silicon would be classified under Metalloids. Its standard state is a solid. When this element is pure it is a blue-gray color. Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth. It makes up about 25% of the Earth's crust by weight. Silicon can be found in the sun and stars. .
             Silicon forms very stable compounds. Silicon is not found free in nature, but occurs chiefly as the oxide and as silicates. Silicon is used as a semi-conductor in "silicon chips."" Silicon can be combined to form mineral, silica. Silica is found in sandstone, shale, volcanic rock, quartz, feldspar, garnets, zircon are but a few of the numerous silicate minerals. Silica is used in making enamels, pottery, etc. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, a material with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicates make up some of the hardest; most beautiful sought after minerals such as aquamarine and emerald. Silicone is another material made up from silicon. Silicone is a rubbery material that can repel water. It is used for things such as kitchen sinks, space shuttle fuel tanks, and body implants. Silicon can be found in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other electronic solid-state devices when doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic, etc. Silicon is also used in lubricants and making concrete and bricks. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel. It can also be used in cosmetics and medical equipment.
             Silicon is important to plant and animal life. It can be found in connective tissue and skin in humans and animals.


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