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Trans Alaska Pipeline

There were 515 federal permits issued and 832 state permits issued. Seven temporary airfields were constructed, as well as, 29 construction camps. The largest camp had 3480 beds and the smallest had 112 beds. The total weight of materials shipped to Alaska was approximately 300 tons. Japanese steel mills shipped more than 100,000 lengths of 40 and 60-foot pipe. Welders in Valdez and Fairbanks then made 42,000 double joints connecting two sections of pipe together. On March 27, 1975 the first piece of pipe was set in place at the Tonsina River between Valdez and Copper Center. This is a project on the grandest scale. So how exactly does this whole thing work? Basically, the oil is pumped through a pipe that is 48" in diameter by a total of 12 pump stations positioned along the pipeline. Here is a picture of what it looks like:.
             .
             (Courtesy of Alyeska Website).
             The thickness of the pipe varies between 0.462 and 0.562 inches. Approximately 1.15 million barrels of oil move through the pipe on a daily basis. The oil travels at about 5.5 miles per hour and requires a little less than six days to travel the 800 miles. If the pipeline were full it would hold over 9 million barrels of oil; a barrel is 42 gallons of oil. A project of this magnitude does not happen without challenges. .
             Challenges.
             Before construction even began the project looked like it probably would never happen. The biggest challenge prior to construction were the concerns being raised by the environmentalists. Approximately 370,000 caribou summer on the North Slope. Because of its pristine condition the animals follow the same migration routes year after year. The fear was things like building crews and the pipeline itself would upset their migration patterns. Since caribou are so sensitive they will follow an impediment to its end rather than go under or over it. Another concern was fish that migrate through the North Slope area. Their migration cycles could easily be disturbed by construction activity.


Essays Related to Trans Alaska Pipeline

1. Studu of the Trans-Alaska pipeline

Aim The aim of this report is to review the design of the pipeline of the Trans-Alaska pipeline system (TAPS). ... Background Since the Prudhoe Bay oil discovery in 1968, United States Government decided to build a pipeline cross through Alaska. ... (Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, Online, 2002) The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) transports nearly 25percent of the nation's domestically produced oil from Alaska's North Slope oil reserves to the terminal facility at Port Valdez on Prince William Sound. ... Design of pipeline Four types of pipelines are used in different se...

  • Word Count: 1252
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Alaska

Today, Alaska is still favored. ... Alaska is very big. ... Alaska is full of wildlife. ... The federal government allowed a group of oil companies to build the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. The pipeline runs for eight hundred miles from Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez, across eight hundred rivers and streams and through three mountain ranges. ...

  • Word Count: 1756
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Drilling For Oil In the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Located in the far northeast corner of Alaska, it is the only 5% of the North Slope that is not open to oil exploration, development, and drilling. ... Interest first began with reports of Alaska's surface oil seeps along the arctic coast east of Point Barrow, which in 1923 was established as the 23 million acre Naval Petroleum Reserve Number 4. ... After the war, the accelerating resource development across Alaska raised concern for the regions special natural values. ... Proponents claim that new sources of oil will soon be greatly needed for the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline, yet there ar...

  • Word Count: 2672
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Oil Drilling in the Alaskan Wildlife Refuge:

For the past thirty years Alaska has been a primary source of domestic oil. Alaska's Prudhoe Bay and miles of coastline are marked by evidence of oil exploration and production, including oil derricks, gravel roads, and 850 miles of pipe that makes up the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. ... The state of Alaska earns 80% of its unrestricted general revenue from oil production. Because of this revenue, Alaska has no state income tax, no sales tax, and the lowest fuel taxes in the U.S. ... The Alaska Coalition is one of the leading groups working to save the ANWR, and all of Alaska's public ...

  • Word Count: 1462
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Future of the World's Oil

Currently, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska is North America's largest oil field. ... Prudhoe Bay is just a small portion of the oil rich areas beneath Alaska. ... In 1977, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) was created, which served the purpose to ship crude oil to South Alaska in a more efficient and cost beneficial manner. ... In 1994, the Department of Energy did a study, "Exporting Alaskan North Slope Crude Oil-Benefits and Costs", and the finding was that exporting crude oil from Alaska would increase cash flows for producing companies for California and Alaska oil. ... Fo...

  • Word Count: 2951
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Has Bibliography

6. Effects Of Oil Spills

The spill occurred in Prince William Sound of Alaska. ... The Exxon Valdez tanker was loaded with 40 million gallons (952,000 barrels) of oil in Valdez from the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. ... The oil had spread beyond Prince William Sound and was reaching the islands of Kkenai Fjords national Park, Kodiak Island, Katmai National Park and other wildlife refugees on the Gulf of Alaska. ... There had been a great fear that the oil might have harmed Alaska's commercial fishing industry. ...

  • Word Count: 2102
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: High School

7. Oil Spills

The spill occurred in Prince William Sound of Alaska. ... The Exxon Valdez tanker was loaded with 40 million gallons (952,000 barrels) of oil in Valdez from the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. ... The oil had spread beyond Prince William Sound and was reaching the islands of Kkenai Fjords national Park, Kodiak Island, Katmai National Park and other wildlife refugees on the Gulf of Alaska. ... There had been a great fear that the oil might have harmed Alaska's commercial fishing industry. ...

  • Word Count: 2102
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: High School

8. United States and Russian Natural Gas Industries

Smallervolumes of natural gas are also shipped via the Gazprom pipeline network to Austria, Finland, and Greece. ... The top 10 producing states in 2009 were: Alaska, Arkansas, Louisiana, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. ... The natural gas pipeline transmission systems of the United States and Canada are highly integrated. ...

  • Word Count: 3746
  • Approx Pages: 15

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