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New York City: A Comparison and History


The Company then created outposts in South America, which led to the Company's demise. In 1654, the Company was bankrupt and reversed their earlier policies that repressed trade and kept potential settlers away. Individual investment was encouraged which made men who were already independently wealthy disagree with the new policies. The believed that a shortage of common laborers was slowing the colony. The Company knew that this was a problem and black slaves were sought to fill in this role. The slaves had the freedom to farm land, keep their profits, and buy their freedom, or the freedom of a wife. Before the British took over in 1664, blacks made up 20% of the population. A dozen slaves petitioned for their freedom and received land when they were freed by the Company. The people of New Amsterdam not only made their livings by farming, but also as tanners, butchers, shipbuilders, brewers, coopers, armorers, tailors, cartmen, and shopkeepers. In order to diversify business further, in 1652, the Company removed the export tax on tobacco.
             In 1654, Jewish settlers came because they expected religious tolerance from the Dutch. The Director did not welcome them, but since the Company had Jewish stockholders, they were allowed to stay. At first the Jewish practiced their religion in secret, until they received their own cemetery, then they practiced openly. The Jewish also did well economically because they had a good networking.
             Manhattan's economy continued to grow as Dutch control was ending. The English noticed that it was growing very quickly and passed the Navigation Act of 1651, in order to smother it. Charles II then decided that he had enough Dutch presence in the New World and on Monday, August 25, 1664, launched the Guinea, an English ship, to attack and take over the area. Other ships joined the Guinea, but no fighting occurred and a treaty was signed giving England all of New Netherlands.


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