However, colored people .
did have fairgrounds, which were bought and paid for by a colored organization. .
The Nashville fair even added a special gate to the exposition building in 1875.
.
In Rabinowitz's essay, he made the point that black did try to challenge .
segregation. Many ministers spoke out against it and they preached how they wanted .
to be treated equal as men, regardless of the color of their skin. Rabinowitz believed .
that the economic pressures led some blacks to accept segregation. Other blacks .
accepted segregation because it looked to be an improvement over being completely .
excluded, and they all hoped that all of the separate facilities would be equal. .
Leon F. Litwack believed that racial segregation only worsened the environment .
for African Americans. He argued that exclusion and discrimination replaced the Black .
Codes instead of racial integration. Even "high ranked" blacks in Radical legislatures .
had no impact on forcing integration because of the resistance of whites. Over .
the next twenty years, white Southerners constructed a system that was designed to .
restrict the rights of African Americans.
.
The separation of blacks and whites usually meant the total exclusion of black .
men and women from certain places. Blacks were excluded from amusement parks, .
roller skating rinks, bowling alleys, swimming pools, and tennis courts. Most of the .
time, blacks were not even allowed into public parks. Rabinowitz stated that when .
blacks wanted to ride the train, they were forced into the dirty smoking cars with a rough .
class of whites. Rabinowitz felt that the law that provided separate cars and .
equal accommodations was right. "It is only law which can be just to both of these .
classes of citizen, and at the same time prevent race conflicts, which would disturb the .
peace of the community (Rabinowitz 153).".
Litwack stated that the legislation of Jim Crow affected all classes and ages.
