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Pregnant Women Smoking

            
             A review of literature on pregnant women smoking efforts found that few programs heed epidemiological patterns of smoking and is not empirically designed. Pregnancy among youth perpetrators and receivers is increasing in the United States at an alarming rate. Findings suggest that there is promise for more effective comprehensive approaches to reduce youth pregnancy. .
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             Pregnant Women Smoking Programs.
             Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with certain childhood cancers, it doubles the likelihood of bearing an infant with intrauterine growth retardation; and it increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, and delivery of a stillborn infant. Smoking during pregnancy impedes the growth of the fetus and may impair the learning ability of the infant. It is also increases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and reduces infant birth weight by as much as 200 grams.1 Women who smoke during pregnancy are at increased risk of spontaneous abortions (miscarriages). A pregnant woman who smokes is 1.6 times more likely than a nonsmoker to have a spontaneous abortion.
             Tobacco use among pregnant women has declined in recent years, there is still a long way to go to reach the Healthy People 2010 goals to further reduce the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women and of increasing smoking cessation during pregnancy by 30%.3 According to CDC records, in 1999 21% of all U.S. women smoked and 12.3% of women giving birth reported smoking during pregnancy. In 1998, the proportion of pregnant women covered by Medicaid who smoked during the last 3 months of pregnancy ranged from 15.8% to 38.5% in 15 states. On average, smoking among pregnant women on Medicaid was 2.5 times that of pregnant women without Medicaid coverage A pregnant woman who smokes is between 1.5 and 3.5 times more likely than a nonsmoker to have a low birth weight baby.
             Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have 2.


Essays Related to Pregnant Women Smoking

1. Women Smoking During Pregnancy - -

... : There are many effects that cigarette smoking by pregnant women have on their fetuses. The relationship between maternal smoking and fetal development shows that smoking can induce spontaneous abortion, affect birth weight, and bring about fetal malformations. The long-term effects of smoking while pregnant on the offspring are its influence on growth, the chance of SIDS, respiratory disorders, and behavior. Smoking while pregnant can affect a baby's life immediately ... was made by Naeye that death rates due to malformations increased when the mother smoked more than ten cigarettes a ...

  • Word Count: 1155
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. How to Help People Stop Smoking

... to be effective. GP's current contract was implemented in July 1993, under its terms GP's should undertake to record smoking status and they should offer a variety of interventions. They should target specific priority groups of patient's e.g. pregnant women, and have strategies in place for reaching and dealing with them . This particular targeting' has come under pressure as ... some see it as putting undue pressure an those priority' patients involved. A recent survey found that 96% of GP's accepted that smoking intervention was part of their role and almost all ... those with certa...

  • Word Count: 2515
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Smoking And Its Effects

... months reduce the risk for a low birth weight baby to that of women who never smoked. Fortunately national birth statistics showed a continued decline in the number of women who smoke during pregnancy. (Cambell 70-75) An estimated four million children a year fall ill from contact to second-hand smoke. Smoking in pregnant women and new mothers is strongly linked to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS ... ). Parental smoking has been shown to affect the lungs of infants as early as the first two to 10 weeks of life and increases the risk for lung ... has also been linked to abnormal lung ...

  • Word Count: 1105
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

4. Smoking is bad

... in deaths from diseases of the heart and coronary arteries. Smoking also increases the risk of stroke by 40-50% in men and 60% in women. Researchers have also proven that mothers who smoke while pregnant or before they got pregnant usually give birth to babies with birth defects, who are ... free of nicotine, it absorbs about twice as much caffeine. It is best to avoid increasing coffee, tea and cola intake. Women and smoking Approximately 22 million adult women and at least 1.5 million adolescent girls smoke cigarettes. The use of tobacco in this population has been shown to increase t...

  • Word Count: 2025
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Grade Level: High School

5. Smoking

... and emphysema, and a two time increase in deaths from diseases of the heart and coronary arteries. Smoking also increases the risk of stroke by 40-50% in men and 60% in women. Researchers have also proven that mothers who smoke while pregnant or before they got pregnant usually give birth to babies with birth defects, who are premature or are underweight. This is probably ... Of Caffeine: Once the body is free of nicotine, it absorbs about twice as much caffeine. It is best to avoid increasing coffee, tea and cola intake. Women and smoking Approximately 22 million adult women and at lea...

  • Word Count: 1474
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

6. Smoking

... are lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease. (Life Skills, 4.) Other diseases include Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive health complications, gastric ulcers, diabetes, and many more. (Quit.) Smoking greatly effects pregnant women. Smoking by a pregnant women may result in fetal injury, premature birth, low birth weight, or even a miscarriage. (Life Skills, 11.) Nicotine is also been found in the breast milk of ... women who smoke. (Life Skills, 11.) Experts estimate that women who smoke twenty cigarettes a day through adulthood will have reduces thei...

  • Word Count: 950
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

7. Infertility - Struggling to Become Pregnant

... eager to see a "+" or "yes" on their pregnancy test, but some may never be able to experience that moment. In order for a women to become pregnant, a series of consecutive steps must first take place: the ovaries, (the ovaries main function is to make the hormones estrogen and progesterone and to release an egg) release an egg, ... and that includes the ability to become pregnant but have repeated miscarriages.(Infertility) Infertility in women can result from many different factors. Most can be prevented but a few are irreversible if you change your lifestyle and health such as alcoho...

  • Word Count: 1586
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Harmful effects of smoking

... or walking. In the early nineties, one in every five deaths were caused by smoking or using tobacco products (American Thoracic Society 19). Hundreds of thousands of people die each year because of tobacco products, whether the person dies from lung cancer, throat cancer, or emphysema. Pregnant women that smoke during their pregnancy will have a child that is born with a low ... birthweight and premature mortality (American Thoracic Society23). Smoking with a small child in the house could cause the child to develop asthma or other respiratory problems (America Thoracic ... Society 23)...

  • Word Count: 1849
  • Approx Pages: 7

9. How Smoking Affects Women

... daughters who smoked were more than twice as likely to develop breast cancer, compared with the nonsmoking sisters and daughters of patients. (Boggs) A lot of women would be wondering how smoking affects women of getting breast cancer. Smoking boosts carcinogens, or cancer-causing chemicals, in the blood. These chemicals can cause mutations in the DNA of breast cells that, over time, lead to cancer ... the U.S. every year because their mothers smoking. (Smoking Cessation) When women smoke, their fetus smokes too. Also, when the babies are born, the chances of them being low birth weight...

  • Word Count: 1509
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

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