g.47) defined that "Bureaucratic organizations emphasized management on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping and separation of management and ownership." .
Max Weber, a German sociologist, held that a belief in legitimacy was central to almost all systems of authority. In his analysis of organizations, he identified three basic types of legitimate authority: traditional, charismatic and rational-legal authority. .
He pointed out the definition of tasks and responsibilities within the structure of management gave rise to a permanent administration and standardization of work procedures notwithstanding changes in the actual holders of office. He emphasized the importance of administration based on expertise and administration based on discipline. .
2.3 Administrative Principles .
Richard L. Daft (2000, p.g.48) defined that "Administrative principles focused on the total organization rather than the individual worker, delineating the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling." .
Harold & Heinz (1988, p.g.30-31) Fayol found that "Activities of an industrial undertaking could be divided into six groups: (1) Technical (production), (2) Commercial (buying, selling and exchange), (3) Financial (search for, and optimum use of capital), (4) Security (protection of property and persons), (5) Accounting (including statistics) and (6) Managerial (planning, organization, command, coordination and control).".
He also listed fourteen so-called "principles of management" which are (1) Division of work, (2) Authority, (3) Discipline, (4) Unity of command, (5) Unity of direction, (6) Subordination of individual interests to the general interest, (7) Remuneration, (8) Centralization, (9) Scalar chain, (10) Order, (11) Equity, (12) Stability of tenure of personnel, (13) Initiative and (14) Esprit de corps.
