Most people believed that the plague was a punishment from God for being wicked. It was not until the late 1800's that scientists discovered that rats and fleas were the carriers of the Bubonic Plague. The infection was spread from person to person by contact with the bite of fleas from an infected host such as a rat. Fleas are parasites, or animals which live off of the of other animals. Therefore, the rat would become infected with the disease, the flea would drink its , jump off, bite a person and infect the person with the rat's diseased . The people of the 14th century were uneducated and susceptible to superstitions. Some early treatments in Europe included: .
bathing in human .
wearing of excrement .
placing animals in homes .
use of leeches (a worm-like animal that sucked out ) .
drinking molten gold (gold heated until it melted) and powdered emeralds .
Symptoms include high fevers, aching limbs and vomiting of . The most noticeable characteristic is a swelling of the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are found in the neck, armpits and groin. The swellings continue to expand until they eventually burst, with following soon after. Queen Elizabeth I took great precaution to protect herself and the court from plague. When plague broke out in London in 1563, Elizabeth moved her court to Windsor Castle. She had gallows made and ordered that anyone coming from London was to be hanged. She also prohibited the import of goods as a measure to prevent the spread of plague to her court. Later, in 1578, when plague broke out once again, Elizabeth took action. This time she ordered physicians to produce cures and preventative medicine. Also, most public assemblies were outlawed. All taverns, plays, and ale-houses were ordered closed.