Rose (1991: 1) differentiates modernism as the understanding of meanings in art or architecture; modernisation as the economic and technological developments of the industrialist and capitalist expansion and domination; and modernity as the sum total of modern, modernism, and modernisation. .
The concept of postmodern' evolves according to different perspectives of the different scholars. C. Wright Mills (1961: 184) treats postmodern as the Fourth Epoch' .
following the Modern Age' when the liberalism and socialism born of the Enlightenment have both virtually collapsed as adequate explanations of the world and the ideas of freedom and of reason have become moot. Ihab Hassan (1971) describes a variety of aesthetic, literary, technological and philosophical deconstructions of the canons of modernism and the increase in inderterminancy'. French sociologist Jean-Franzois Lyotard understands postmodern as the deconstruction of the meta-narratives of the techno-scientism and the capitalism of the modern society because of the "incredulity toward metanarratives- (1984: xxiv). Paolo Portoghesi (1983) warns us not to treat postmodern' as a label designating homogeneous and convergent things but rather lumping together different things (including returning to historical and classical tradition) which arise from a common dissatisfaction with the heterogeneous things of the modernity. He also notices the rise of new electronic technology that turns our industrial society into the age of information and communication. Hal Foster (Rose 1991: 175) differentiates two kinds of postmodernism: neoconservative (humanistic) and post-structuralist. Both assume some deconstruction of the subject. David Ray Griffin describes clearly two different .
groups of the postmodern philosophies,.
Closely related to literary-artistic postmodernism is a philosophical postmodernism inspired by pragmatism, physicalism, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, and Jacques Derrida and other recent French thinkers .
For a while now I've been going through a long thought process wondering not "What is man? " but "What am I?- and where I belong in the garden maze known as life. My philosophy on all the topics that we've had in this course and those that I've experienced in my life are rather optimistic, hypocritical, and skeptical. I believe that human life is valued less than it should be, that it does have a meaning. ...
