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The Middle Ages


If the king ever needed military help, the nobleman's army would loyally support him, and so the king's lands were protected (Briquebec 36). The system of life that slowly developed is called feudalism (Gies 128-129). When the nobles needed help protecting his fief, he hired a knight for military services, and paid the knight with a smaller estate called a manor (Hartman 27). This gradual development of a system of land for military service was, as Hartman says, "useful in a time of disorder and danger and soon spread all over Europe" (28).
             By the 800's, the power of the king was only a ruler in name, as the fief-holders owned and ran most of the land (Rowling 35). It was the fief-holder's duty to maintain his fief in ways of economy and law (Gies 141). As Gies states, "A "tenant-in-chief" like the Earl of Warenne, lord of scores of villages in a dozen counties, collected all kinds of rents and services at first- and second-hand without ever setting eyes on most of his sixty-five knight-tenants, hundreds of freeholders, and thousands of bondmen" (141). Great landowners constantly fought neighboring landowners in an attempt to gain more powers, and the fief-holders built elaborate castles to protect themselves and their families from attack (Rowling 34-35). .
             While the warring fief-holders and nobility fought for power, the remaining commoners had little to no political power, and were forced to do the physical work (Gies 128). As Hartman says, "The nobles did no useful work. They did not cultivate the fields, and they made nothing that they needed. They spent their time, as we have seen, in fighting, feasting, jousting, and in other ways considered fitting the life of a gentleman" (87). On the manors, the peasants were forced to farm the miles of fields that surrounded the luxurious castles of the rich-blooded (Hartman 87). The peasants received only a small amount of farmland on which to grow food for their families and keep whatever farm animals they could afford, and for this they worked and paid taxes and gave the surplus farmed goods to their superior (Briquebec 36).


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