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Chromatography

             Chromatography is a method of separating complex mixtures in order to analyze it. It is quickly replacing many of the more traditional techniques of sample identification and purification. How does chromatography work? A mixture goes into the chromatography process and the different parts go through the system at different rates. The difference in the speeds causes the separation of the different components of the compound.
             In Chromatography there's the mobile phase and the stationary phase. The stationary phase doesn't move while the mobile phase does. As the mobile phase moves through the stationary phase, it picks up the components to be tested. At different times in the stationary phase, the different compounds are going to stop moving with the mobile phase. Thus, the particles are separated. This applies to all different types of chromatography. In paper and thin-layer chromatography the mobile phase is the solvent. The stationary phase in paper chromatography is the piece of paper that is being used. In thin-layer chromatography the stationary phase is the thin-layer cell. In both of these types of chromatography the solvent moves through the stationary phase.
             There are four different types of chromatography. They are liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and paper chromatography.
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             Liquid chromatography is used in the real world to test rivers and lakes for pollution. It is used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions. .
             Gas chromatography is used in the real world in airports to detect bombs and is used often in forensics. It also is used to analyze blood found at a crime scene and to analyze fibers on a body. In GC helium is used to move the mixture through a column of absorbent material.
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             Thin-layer chromatography uses the absorbent material on plastic plates or glass. This is a simple and a quick method to check the purity of an organic compound.


Essays Related to Chromatography

1. Thin Layer Chromatography Lab

... have a basic, quick and productive approach to focus the virtue of Organic mixtures. The partition of a mixture by passing it, in arrangement, over an adsorbent is the essential thought of chromatography. Chromatography is an exceptionally general wonder. It includes the entry of a portable stage over a stationary stage in a segment. Normally a mixture of substances is shown in the versatile stage. When ... stage, stationary stage, dissolvable and other working parameters was made, the mixture will be divided in the segment and its different parts will rise at diverse times. In Thin Lay...

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2. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS)

... gas-tight syringe, extraction, hydrocarbon ladder standard, carbon strip, substrate, ignitable liquid Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Gas Chromatography is used for separating components in a mixture, and Mass Spectrometer is used in the qualitative ... the sample (6). Experiment Materials- Smokeless Powder Sample: Unknown 8 (16 kernels), Methylene, Acetone, GC Liquid injection syringe, Gas-tight syringe, Gas Chromatog...

  • Word Count: 2114
  • Approx Pages: 8
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3. Amino Acids and Chromatography

... where the compounds to be identified are suitably adsorbed on paper and it is a preferable method to the manipulation of different physical constants. The experimenter controls three variables in paper chromatography- solvent, paper, and distance solvent moves. The distance moved by the solvent is ended with a somewhat unique spot, differing primarily in color. By measuring the distance traveled by a compound marked ... be unique and to conclude that the unknown solvents with matching Rf , and relative movements over the chromatograph, are the compounds comprising the unknown solvents. ...

  • Word Count: 1131
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: High School

4. Chemical Separation - Gel-Filtration Chromatography

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to use gel-filtration chromatography to separate of mixture of blue dextran, cytochrome c and sodium chromate and determine the outer void (Vo), inner void (Vi), and elution volume (Ve) of the gel filtration column. To ... chromate (VP) which is 29.25 mL. The inner void (Vi) was calculated to be 27.0 mL. Results Collected portions of blue dextran, cytochrome c, and sodium chromate, from gel-filtration chromatography was given a score in terms of relative colour intensity. Colour intensity was measured on a scale of 0-4, where 0 described a fract...

  • Word Count: 1487
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5. History of the GC/MS

... viruses. In the 1990's, mass spectrometry hit the mainstream chemistry and biochemistry laboratories with commercially available, high performance instruments. While historical evidence suggests that separations using column chromatography may have been done as early as the Middle Ages, an explanation of the phenomenon wasn't developed until the early twentieth century. Mikhail Tswett, a botanist who ... pair of biochemists, A.J.P Martin and R.L.M. Synge, investigated the utility of the technique as a way to improve amino acid separations. In 1941, they developed a liquid-liquid partit...

  • Word Count: 2140
  • Approx Pages: 9
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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Separation of Chlorophyll Pigm

... chlorophyll a, but ultimately transfers it to chlorophyll a for conversion into chemical energy. Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of compounds. There are many different types of Chromatography, including: paper chromatography, ion concentration chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, partition chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography. Chromatography consists of two phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase ... the molecules to pass through at different times, based on their size. The mobile phase i...

  • Word Count: 772
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7. Chemistry, Microscopy And Toxicology

... which allow for the recove ury of drugs and chemicals from biological samples. Once the substance for the analysis has been removed from the tissue specimen, the forensic toxicologist uses chromatography, spectrophotometry, and immunoassays to qualitatively and quantitatively to determine the drug. The forensic toxicologist must then interpret the analytical data collected from the analytical methods. Pharmaceutical manufacturers are one ... light conditions, but one sample may look quite different under ultraviolet light. Any dyes present in the fibers can be dissolved out and then se...

  • Word Count: 4661
  • Approx Pages: 19
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Chemistry Soil Analysis Project

... using vacuum filtration, first with ethyl acetate, and then water. This gave us aqueous solutions of both the organic and inorganic compounds. We used various spectroscopies such as Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to compare polarities, infrared spectroscopy (IR) to identify functional groups present. The results from these tests gave us clues about which organic compounds were present in our unknown ... the mixture after all of the ethyl acetate was boiled off. After obtaining this yellow solid that we predicted to be m-nitroaniline, we ran this product through infrared spectroscopy, ga...

  • Word Count: 3975
  • Approx Pages: 16
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  • Grade Level: High School

9. Fly

... a gene coding for that pigment. By obtaining pigment from flies of the unknown stock and transferring them onto treated paper, the pigments can be separated through the process of paper chromatography. Upon viewing the finished product in Ultraviolet light, unique banding patterns corresponding to the migration of each specific eye pigment can be seen. By comparing known pigments to those of ... sex-linked inheritance though, the results were inconclusive. If nothing else, the completion of this test reinforced sex linkage in mutant #16. III. Separation of Eye Pigments through Paper Chr...

  • Word Count: 3448
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