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Is affirmative action a workab


            
            
            
             Is Affirmative Action a Workable Matrix?.
             Affirmative Action policies are used in the United States to increase opportunities for minorities by favoring them in hiring, promotion, contracting and school admissions. Minorities are defined by race, ethnicity, or gender. Affirmative action has been accepted by governments, businesses, and educational institutions to remedy the effects of past discrimination against a group. It has been widely criticized for creating reverse discrimination in the workplace and at schools.
             Until the 1960s, barriers prevented blacks and other minorities from entering many jobs and educational institutions. Born in the midst of the modern civil rights movement, affirmative action was originally a phrase in a government order demanding that employers look beyond traditional labor sources in order to recruit African Americans for jobs that had previously been closed to them.1 The link between affirmative action and civil rights was first made by John Kennedy in 1961, just months after taking office. On March 6 Kennedy signed Executive Order 10925, which established the President's Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity and spelling out the obligations of contractors doing business with the government. "The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during their employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."2 This order also provided for a President's Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO) headed by the vice-president and staffed by representatives from agencies of the government that often gave contracts to private companies. The PCEEO was in charge of compliance and required companies with federal contracts to file "compliance reports" showing that they were not discriminating. A company that did discriminate could lose its federal contracts and even be barred from future government work.


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