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Galileo Galilei


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             Unlike his predecessors, he had proof to back up his claims. This was surely frustrating for Galileo's critics, such as the Jesuit Christoph Sheiner. By adding the length of a shadow and the angle at which the sun's rays hit it, Galileo used the shadow method to measure the height of mountains on the moon (Moore 156). "It was the kind of experiment which made Galileo stand head and shoulders above his contemporaries in astronomy" (Moore 156). Not only did he create astoundingly accurate sketches of the moon's surface, he also offered to show any of his critics that he was right, by allowing them to peer into the heavens through the telescopic eye (McTavish 19). .
             It is important to note that in 1585 Galileo wrote the textbook "Treatise on the Sphere or Cosmography." It was about astronomy, but maintained geocentrism (Machamer 35). In 1597, his friend, Jacopo Mazzoni, a philosopher, published a book against the motion of the Earth. Mazzoni made some illogical assumptions about how visible the heavens would be if the Earth truly moved. These assumptions were, of course, based on the works of Aristotle. Galileo wrote to him to correct his errors by using simple geometry (Machamer 29). It is suspected that it was at this point that Galileo began to contemplate the possibilty of heliocentric universe. He admitted in 1597 (albeit only in a private letter to his German contemporary Johannes Kepler) to his belief in the Copernican doctrine, but said that he would not come forward with his views because he had no proof, and was afraid of ridicule in the scientific community (McTavish 20). This is further evidence of Galileo's position of modern scientist due to the fact that he never made a statement unless he was completely confident that it was true. We will see several examples of this in astronomy alone. It is exhibited first in his observations of the phases of Venus, and second in his discovery of Jupiter's satellites.


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