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Roman and New York Aqueducts

Furthermore, the location of the aqueducts could not be far away from the quarries and other necessary materials. .
             The next process was the construction of the aqueduct. A wide variety of materials were needed, including stone, terra cotta pipe, wood, leather, lead and bronze. The most difficult and costly part of constructing an aqueduct was constructing arcades when valleys had to be crossed. Wood was a very important resource used during the construction of the arcades. Although wood was generally not used predominately in the structure per se, it was of great importance. At the beginning of the construction process many trees were cut down and cut into planks and beams, which would be used to make scaffolding around the arcade. Also, wooden structures were used to hold up the arches until the keystone was ready to be placed. Some wood was used in the construction of the foundations as well. In addition, machinery such as the "goat" and "sheep" was used to lift stones were made out of wood. .
             Limestone and Yellow stone were two very important types of stones that were used. Usually there was a quarry of one type of stone near the construction site. This made the job of transporting the stones much easier. The stones were finely cut on the sides that would be visible. Rubble was also quarried to be used as filler for the inside of columns and foundation. This was less expensive than the large stones. Rubble was collected into piles and then a large stone called the transom was placed on top of the pile to provide a strong base for the arch to rest on. The large stones were usually quarried in separate places from the other stones. .
             The Romans invented fairly simple yet effective machines to assist in the construction. The first machine was called the goat. It was used to lift heavy loads either off a ship or up the arcade. Slaves provided the power necessary for this device by walking around in a wheel that pulled a rope up.


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