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Halogens

            
             The halogens are in group 7 of the periodic table devised by Dimitri Mendeleev and have 7 electrons in their outer shell. The name halogen originates from the Greek for salt makers and is one of the more reactive non-metal groups. All of the halogens exist as diatomic molecules when elements with one covelant bond between the molecules. All halogens displace each other when they are more reactive (have a stronger electronegativity). For example:.
             2NaCl (aq) + F2 (aq) 2NaF (aq) + Cl2 (aq).
             In these reactions you would notice a colour change if there was a reaction.
             Fluorine.
             Fluorine is a pale yellow gas at room temperature and has a boiling point of 85K. It has an atomic radius of 0.0071 nm and an electronegativity of 4. It is the element at the top of group 7 and will displace all of the halogens. .
             Fluorine is the most reactive element in the group as it has the strongest polarising effect as it has the smallest atomic radius hence the strongest forces of attraction for electrons. Its atomic number is 9 and so therefore its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p5. Due to the few shells it has there is little or no shielding and so therefore this also adds to its reactivity.
             One chemical test could be carrying out the reaction above and if there is a colour change from pale yellow to light green then it is likely to be fluorine. The test for the ion involves adding nitric acid to a compound of the substance followed by silver nitrate, if there is no precipitate it is the fluoride ion, as silver fluoride is soluble where as all other silver halides are insoluble and so form a precipitate. Fluorides are also soluble when dilute ammonia solution is added. .
             When fluorides are reacted with concentrated sulphuric acid it will form a salt .
            


Essays Related to Halogens

1. Basic Chemistry

... only to fluorine. Sulfur, also reactive, is widely used as a chemical reactant in making rubber, bleach, disinfectant, and many other things. Halogens, the second to last family, are even more reactive than the oxides group are. All of the halogens exist as gasses and have a wide variety of uses from treating water to keeping teeth healthy, and from nonstick cooking surfaces to ... zero. Some elements have predictable oxidation numbers because they always lose or gain the same amount of electrons. For instance, bonded alkali metals posses a +1 while bonded alkali earth metals have a +2....

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2. Neodymium

... cold water and quite quickly with hot water to form neodymium hydroxide, Nd(OH)3 and hydrogen gas (H2) 2 Nd(s) + 6 H2O(g) = 2 Nd(OH#)(aq) + 3 H2(g) Neodymium with the Halogens: neodymium metal reacts with all the halogens to form neodymium (II) halides With fluorine (F2) to form neodymium(III) fluorine NdF3 2 Nd(s) + 3 F2(g) = 2 NdF3(s) {violet} With chlorine (Cl2) to form neodymium (III) chloride NdCl3 ... ...

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3. Chemical Conversions and Reactions

Boron reacts with halogens to give the corresponding trihalides. Boron trichloride is, however, produced industrially by direct chlorination of boron oxide and carbon at 500 °C. B2O3 + 3C + 3Cl2 → 2BCl3 + 3CO The carbothermic reaction is ... ...

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4. Finding My Best Academic Subject

... alkali earth/metals, who've got electrons to spare and share. The transition metals, that are divided among distinct cliques each with their own status-quo to fulfill. And the halogens, who've come so close to completion that they seldom give up any electrons. A clash, between the generous and the greedy. As you go down a group you enter poorer factions ... ...

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5. Irrigation Product - Plastic Butterfly Sprinkler

... , fuels, cutting solutions and mineral oils. However, it is only partly resistant against sea water, industrial atmosphere and against salt solutions. It is non-resistant against acids, chloride solutions and halogens, and humid atmospheres. Composition Physical data Mechanical data Price Copper Cu: 57.0 – 59.0 % Density: 8.44 g/cm^3 Tensile strength: >500 N/mm^2 $5-$20/kg Lead Pb: 25 – 35 % Elect. Conductivity ... ...

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6. Overview of the Periodic Table of Elements

... 18 columns, called the groups, and 7 lines, termed the periods. Some of the groups have names, for example the first group is called Alkaline metals, the seventh group is called Halogens and the last one, the eighth group, is called noble gases, because of their atomic structure and poor chemical reactivity. Taking a look at the periodic table, on its left-hand ... ...

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7. Chemistry - The Solubility of Various Substances in Water (H2O)

... be easily soluble in water because of the separation of positive and negative charges acting on the compound. 3. Iodine is the most electropositive halogen and the least reactive of the halogens even if it can still form compounds with many elements. It is so reactive because it only needs one more electron in order to be octet. Iodine dissolves in some ... ...

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8. The Halogens Family

The Halogen Family The Halogen family is the vertical group of elements labeled as 7A on the Periodic Table. The elements in the Halogen family are nonmetals. They are also the most reactive group of elements on the Periodic Table. The elements found in the Halogen family are: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine. They are the most reactive because they have seven electrons in there valence shell. For them to become stable they need eight, so they react very easily. Fluorine, the element located highest in the Halogen family, is the most reactive element on the Periodic Table. The...

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9. Melvin Calvin

... with his bachelor's degree 1931. After obtaining his degree he decided to attend the University of Minnesota to go to graduate school. Here he studied the electron affinity of various halogens, he obtained his doctorate in chemistry in 1935. After Calvin received his doctorate he decided to go to England to continue his education. He decided to attend a post doctorate fellow ... ...

  • Word Count: 569
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  • Grade Level: High School

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