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Aristotles Republic


             Polecmarchus claimed that justice is an "eye for an eye; help your friends and hurt your enemies." He believes that justice is giving people what they are owed. Socrates response to this is " well then is it ever right to harm someone else?" He may have also responded using the physician's analogy, " to act like a physician." Socrates is taking the traditional way of thinking.
             Thrasymachus is a saphist. Saphist have relative point of views. Thrasymachus claims that justice or right conduct is the advantage of the stronger, he says " might makes right". He believes that whoever is in power has the right to make rules. Socrates replies with the doctor analogy, " A doctor makes decisions based on what is best for the patient. Those in power should not be making choices based on what is best for them, but what is best for the whole community.".
             Socrates last friend that he asks the question what is justice? Gaulcon challenges Socrates with a myth. "We would catch the just man red-handed going the same way as the unjust man out of a desire to get the better; this is what any nature naturally pursues as good, while it is law which by force perverts it to honor equality." He believes that anyone will be unjust, given the opportunity. Socrates believes that Gaulcon has a partially correct understanding of human nature. He responds to Gaulcon using the tripartide analogy. This is an analogy of the soul, which has three parts; interest, class and virtue.
             The Allegory of the cave can be related to the tripartide state. The condition of mankind can be illustrated by thinking of a group of prisoners in a cave. They can only look straight ahead. Behind them burns a fire, which is their source of light. . There is an exit and a slope behind them, which people are walking by. Every object they see becomes shadows on the wall, which project scary images. They believe that the shadows are the truth.


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7. Plato, Socrates and Aristotle, comparisons

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