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wisdom


Finally, Stephen's greatest transformation is from near fanatical religiousness to a new devotion to art and beauty. This transiction takes place in Chapter 4, when he is offered entry to the Jesuit order but refuses it in order to attend university. His refusal and subsequent epiphany on the beach mark his transition from belief in God to belief in aesthetic beauty. This transformation continues through his college years. By the end of his time in college, Stephen has become a fully formed artist. .
             Coming back to the plot, we know that Stephen's Catholic faith and Irish nationality heavily influence him. He attends a strict religious boarding school called Clongowes Wood College. At first, Stephen is lonely and homesick at the school, but as time passes he finds his place among other boys. He enjoys his visits home, even though family tensions run high after the death of the Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell. He is not an actual character in the novel, but his detah influences many of its characters. Parnell had powerfully led the Irish National Party until he was condemned for having an affair with a married woman. Many people in Ireland considered Parnell a hero and blamed the Church for his death. Many others though the Church had done the right thing to condemn Parnell. These disputes over Parnell's character are the root of the bitter and abusive argument that starts during the Dedalus family's Christmas dinner when Stephen is still a young boy. In this sense, Parnell represents the burden of Irish nationality that Stephen comes to believe is preventing him for realizing himself as an artist. .
             Stephen's father, Simon, is inept with money, and the family sinks deeper and deeper into debt. He is an impoverished former medical student with a strong sense of patriotism who spends a great deal of his time reliving past experiences, lost in his own sentimental nostalgia.


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