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International Law


             territorial disputes. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJ .
             pursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. In .
             December 1985, while written submissions were being prepared, .
             hostilities broke out in the disputed area. A cease-fire was agreed, .
             and the Chamber directed the continued observance of the cease-fire, .
             the withdrawal of troops within twenty days, and the avoidance of .
             actions tending to aggravate the dispute or prejudice its eventual .
             resolution. Both Presidents publicly welcomed the judgement and .
             indicated their intention to comply with it. .
             In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland, .
             1974) the ICJ contributed to the firm establishment in law of the idea .
             that mankind needs to conserve the living resources of the sea and .
             must respect these resources. The Court observed: .
             It is one of the advances in maritime international law, .
             resulting from the intensification of fishing, that the former .
             laissez-faire treatment of the living resources of the sea in the high .
             seas has been replaced by a recognition of a duty to have due regard .
             of the rights of other States and the needs of conservation for the .
             benefit of all. Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep .
             inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to .
             examine together, in the light of scientific and other available .
             information, the measures required for the conservation and .
             development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking .
             into account any international agreement in force between them, such .
             as the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as .
             well as such other agreements as may be reached in the matter in the .
             course of further negotiation. .
             The Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in .
             fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential .
             rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, .


Essays Related to International Law

1. Public International Law

... Nations (UN)1, and the relations between them. Areas of public international law include air law, diplomatic relations, the law of armed conflict, environmental law and trade law.2 Therefore, the International Rule of Law is within the context of Public International Law since the rule of law is generally supported at the international level. The United Nations is an international organization consisting currently of 193 Member States. It was founded ... and other bodies and committees.5 The Member States of the United Nations are in the practice of customary international law and also a...

  • Word Count: 2663
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Nature Of International Law

... means of facilitating the functions of organisations of which they are memberes. There are clear differences between international and national law. National law has a supreme authority, and based on principles of command, obedience and enforcement. There are law making, law determining and law enforcement agencies. However, International law lacks a supreme authority. States are legally equals. It is based on consent and reciprocity. There ... are negotiated by states, and must be signed and ratified in order to be considered legally binding upon a state. States cannot fail to participa...

  • Word Count: 1372
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. Customary International Law and Whaling

... those States that are parties to the ICRW are bound by the moratorium. State practice In determining whether State practice has satisfied the test of an emerging rule of customary international law the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the North Sea Continental Shelf Cases declared that special regard must be given to the States which the norm affects. For example, the practice ... to breach the difficult standard of virtual universal acquiescence. The ICJ in the Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case acknowledged the use of protest by a State to challenge the development of customary inter...

  • Word Count: 2621
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. International Law & Cyberspace

... these acts are criminal as they are related to the more physical acts or similar crimes (larceny, robbery etc.) Recently in our seminar of international law we have discussed the regime of innocence of passage. (Week ten) The lesson in its entirety was an education in the areas of ... air space, seas and other geographic areas of concern for the global community and their international law relationships. The next area of interest for the global community has to be cyber space. It is the one area of "space " that is ... There is also the aspect of some business being able to receive tax ...

  • Word Count: 6425
  • Approx Pages: 26
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. NGOs And The Development Of International Environmental Law

... discussed. Subsequently conclusions will be made on whether or not or to what degree these functions and this role serve a useful purpose. 2. The fundament Historically as well as theoretically, international law is centred around sovereign states. The main actors are states, each governing their own territory, and with the clear and fundamental rule deriving from the principle of state sovereignty, that ... them by becoming a member of the organization or by in other ways giving financial support. As pointed out by A.D. Tarlock the NGOs "fill out a niche in international law created by t...

  • Word Count: 2207
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Difference between international and domestic issues

... have the authority of domestic laws supporting them. If rights given by domestic law are violated, the law will impose sanctions on the violators and/or pay damages to the victim. International rights are harder to implement. The main types of human rights identified in international law relate to human rights, these include freedom of thought, protection against slavery and ... and until there is a legislative act. There is choice for using international treaties for the interpretation of domestic law, a domestic law, which is free of elusiveness, prevails notwithstanding any violation ...

  • Word Count: 888
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. International Criminal Court System

... secure universal respect for individual rights throughout the world. "There can be no peace without justice, no justice without law and no meaningful law without a Court to decide what is just and lawful under any given circumstance"(Rome Statute). With this in mind, the international community met in Rome, Italy from June 15 to July 17 1998 to draft a statute to ensure respect ... before which those will be brought who violate the laws of war and humanitarian law ..Everyone must now be presumed to know the Contents of the most basic provision of international criminal law; The defense ...

  • Word Count: 1676
  • Approx Pages: 7

8. International criminal court

... shape and became reality. The indictment of sitting heads of state, such as Slobodan Milosevic, became a defining moment for the rule of law in its most stark sense, embodying the proposition-captured in the Nuremberg Judgment's aphorism-that "[c]rimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of ... international law be enforced."2 Against an entrenched culture of impunity that had countenanced the likes of Pol Pot and Idi Amin, these precedents radically surfaced ... an instrum...

  • Word Count: 1487
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Graduate

9. international accounting

... management, Pg 24 Wright, I., 2002, Drive for greater financial comparability hindered by national law www.pwcglobal.com Bibliography : Accountancy Age Leader, 2003, IAS deadline is looming www.accountancyage.com Campbell, J., Hermanson , H., McAllister ,J., 2002, Obstacles to international accounting standards convergence. The CPA journal, Vol.72, Pg.20 Eccles, T., Holt,A., 2001, International Accounting Standards ; A paradigm shift for corporate real estate Journal of corporate real estate ... to global accounting harmonisation , Managerial Management, Vol. 24, Pg 63 Harmonization of ...

  • Word Count: 2830
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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