In Candide, Voltaire uses many writing techniques that can also be found in the works of Cervantes, Alighieri, Rabelais and Moliere. The use of the various styles and conventions shows that, despite the passage of centuries and the language differences, certain writing techniques will always be effective.
One common literary technique is the author's use of one or more of his characters as a "voice- to speak out his views on a certain subject. In Candide, Voltaire makes use of several characters to voice his opinion, mocking philosophical optimism. At on point, Candide asks a gentleman if everything is for the best in the physical world as well as the moral universe. The man replies,"œI believe nothing of the sort. I find that everything goes wrong in our world; that nobody knows his place in society or his duty, what he's doing or what he ought to be doing, and that outside of mealtimes.the rest of the day is spent in useless quarrels.""it's one unending warfare. (page1594)- By having this character take on such a pessimistic tone, he directly contradicts the obviously over-optimistic tone of Candide. In the conclusion, an old turk instructs Candide in the futility of needless philosophizing by saying that ".the work keeps us from three great evils: boredom, vice, and poverty." In each of these examples, the character chosen by the author comes across as a reasonable and respectable person, making the author's point of view seem just as reasonable and respectable. .
Another technique Voltaire uses in Candide is that of taking actual people and events and weaving into his work of fiction. He often does this to mock or ridicule his political and literary adversaries, as shown in the conversation between the abbe' and the Parisian supper guests (page 1593). The abbe' mentions two critics who in Voltaire's time criticized his work. The critics are referred to as boring and impudent by the supper guests.
