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AIDS


            In 1998, an estimated 650,000 to 900,000 Americans are believed to be living with HIV. The Clinton Administration has responded to by increasing the HIV program by 86 percent to $6.8 billion. Support for Aids research at the National Institutes of Heath (NIH) now totals to $1.6 billion, increase of 50%. Former President Bill Clinton announced, "a comprehensive AIDS vaccine research initative and challenged scientists and pharmaceutical manufactures to work together to develop and AIDS vaccine within 10 years." To date there has been 23 vaccine evaluated and 10 adjuvants (substance that might enhance the effect of a vaccine) in 49 phase I and phase II, clinical trails to determine the safety of the vaccine candidates and their effect on the human immune system. Some are ALVAC-HIV, vCP205, HIV SF-2, and gp120. .
             Research on a new compound that is called gp120. If it succeeds, it will be because of Dr. Donald Francis. Francis has helped in getting gp20 to inject into nearly 8,000 volunteers in the first trail of a potential AIDS vaccine. Francis led a team 25 years ago in Bangladesh and ended a century -old disease small pox. The virus comes into the blood. It hits the receptors of the cell. It's absorbed into the cell and multiplies a thousand times. Challenge was to make a vaccine that could prevent the virus from invading the cell. After 4 years of trial and error, it was given to 4 chimpanzees, which then were exposed to massive doses of the AIDS virus and it worked. Today, the vaccinated chimps have been HIV free for 10 years. The first trial on humans involved 57 volunteers, and it proved that gp120 was safe. A second trial, involving 296 volunteers, showed that the vaccine did induce an immune response, although seven of the volunteers became HIV positive. And it proved that it's not yet a 100% effective. Phase 3 would take thousands of volunteers and cost millions of dollars, and that there is too little about how HIV attacks the immune system to crate and effective vaccine.


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