Hawthorne's theme was relevant in his day and is still relevant today. Hawthorne was concerned that too much individualism ultimately could greatly diminish the quality of life. .
The individualistic aspect of the story is a function of human fear of the unknown and that some people would be happy with things the way they are. When Aylmer thinks his experiment has been successful he does no realize there is a problem until Georgiana says, .
"My poor Aylmer!" she repeated with a more than tender humanness. "You have aimed loftily! -You have done nobly! Do not repent, that, with so high and pure a feeling, you have rejected the best that earth has to offer. Dearest-dearest Aylmer- I am dying (Hawthorne, 1963, p. 219)!" .
But the individualistic stereotypes are so obsessed with perfecting nature that they will stop at nothing with their particular goal in mind. Hawthorne is not sure we are capable of a healthy balance between public and private lives. Hawthorne wants to show that .
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personal gain, in Aylmer's case, can drive a man to share his life with so others that he puts his wife's private life in harm's way. In this case he kills Georgiana. He is so involved in his process he totally ignores his own intuition that tells him he may have a disaster on his hands. In his dream he notices that as he and Aminidab were attempting to remove the Birthmark, .
"the deeper went the knife, the deeper sank the hand, until at length its tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana's heart; whence, however, her husband was inexorably resolved to cut or wrench it away (Hawthorne, 1963, p. 206)." .
Hawthorne does not believe that most people are self aware enough to make the distinction between private and public lives. This shows that Aylmer, the scientist, has reduced Georgiana, who is the embodiment of the typical private life, to an object and not the perfection of nature that she is.