Prior to the teachings and ideals of affirmative action, the theories of Martin Luther King .
            
existed as a means of creating equality between the masses. Before the mid to late sixties, .
            
only the words of Mr. King acted as a threshold between discrimination between different .
            
classes of individuals. Currently, affirmative action may be said to be a child of the civil .
            
right's movement, which began with Mr. King. Despite the fact that affirmative action, or .
            
better known as equity, was designed as a an aid for minorities, many groups today see it .
            
as a deterrence in present day social systems. Although the program was first initiated for .
            
positive purposes, any new form of movement, which involves favouritism of a certain .
            
race, comes along with the glaring eyes of a distrustful nation.
            
     A notable case is the 1978 Bakke decision involving the University of California's .
            
rejection of the plaintiff's application for entree into the University's Medical Program. .
            
The plaintiff clearly noted that the University had previously reserved sixteen spaces for .
            
minority students in accordance with the affirmative action policy that the University .
            
followed.  The plaintiff, a white male, brought up the issue that he believed he had been .
            
rejected merely on the basis of his Caucasian status, and that minorities who had gained .
            
admission into the University had lower test scores then he did . The Bakke Supreme .
            
Court dispute reflected the intense and widespread emotions aroused by quotas, by .
            
preferential or compensatory treatment, and by affirmative action.   Four justices ruled to .
            
admit Bakke and against preferential treatment; and one, to achieve some kind of judicial .
            
consensus, upheld Bakke's claim of unfair discrimination and ordered Bakke into the .
            
medical school while also upholding affirmative action on the right of universities to seek .
            
diversity. .
            
     The Bakke decision further reinforced the thriving white opposition to "reverse .