3 billion industry.
The media manipulates women into thinking their value is dependent on their physical appearance- what they look like and how they dress. It appeals to that basic human desire to be wanted, accepted, and be seen as sexually attractive. The reason this "ideal" has manipulated the American society in particular is that it appeals to some basic American values. This country prizes things like individuality, self-help, hard work, success, and self-control. Women are given the message that if they just work hard enough at dieting and exercising, they can be thin, beautiful, and happy. Also, the way they dress reflects how successful they are, in both their personal and professional lives. If they fail at achieving the ideal, they are told to try harder. A heavier person who does not dress up to the media's standards is seen as lazy and greedy, or lacking self-control. .
From the early 1930's to the 1950's the film industry began to play a leading role in portraying the ideal woman and so defining women's fashion. The ideal woman's figure emphasized busts, legs, and the full curvaceous form typical of Marilyn Monroe. In the 1950's magazines, training bras and girdles became common. This was Marilyn Monroe's era and she epitomized beauty standards. The focus shifted to a feminine figure with large breasts. The famous Barbie doll was introduces in 1959 with her long legs, big breasts, no hips and tiny waist. During the same era, in 1959 the US Federal Drug Administration introduced Phentermine, which is an appetite suppressant that increases the body's metabolism to help speed weight loss.
Skirt hems rose in the 1960's and pants became acceptable wear for women. In 1965 the average fashion model weighed eight percent less than the average American woman. Then in 1967 London produced the fashion model Twiggy. She was appropriately named, as she weighed in at 91 pounds on a 5 foot 7 inch frame.